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Standard library header <stdlib.h>

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C
Standard Library headers

此头文件是 程序支持工具库 的组成部分，特别提供了程序终止、 内存管理 、 字符串转换 、 随机数生成 等功能。该头文件还包含部分 算法 实现。

函数

导致程序异常终止（不进行清理）
(函数)
导致程序正常终止并进行清理
(函数)
(C11)
导致程序正常终止但不完全清理
(函数)
(C99)
导致程序正常终止但不进行清理
(函数)
注册在调用 exit() 时要执行的函数
(函数)
(C11)
注册在调用 quick_exit 时要执行的函数
(函数)
指示程序执行状态
(宏常量)
本部分内容尚不完整
原因：需从7.24 通用工具 <stdlib.h> 章节补充更多内容

概要

本部分内容尚不完整
原因：需补充 B.23 通用工具库 <stdlib.h> 相关内容 
#define __STDC_VERSION_STDLIB_H__ 202311L
// 待办：类型和宏定义
void call_once(once_flag* flag, void (*func)(void));
double atof(const char* nptr);
int atoi(const char* nptr);
long int atol(const char* nptr);
long long int atoll(const char* nptr);
int strfromd(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, double fp);
int strfromf(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, float fp);
int strfroml(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, long double fp);
double strtod(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
float strtof(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
long double strtold(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
long int strtol(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr, int base);
long long int strtoll(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr, int base);
unsigned long int strtoul(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr, int base);
unsigned long long int strtoull(const char* restrict nptr,
                                char** restrict endptr, int base);
int rand(void);
void srand(unsigned int seed);
void* aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size);
void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
void free(void* ptr);
void free_sized(void* ptr, size_t size);
void free_aligned_sized(void* ptr, size_t alignment, size_t size);
void* malloc(size_t size);
void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);
[[noreturn]] void abort(void);
int atexit(void (*func)(void));
int at_quick_exit(void (*func)(void));
[[noreturn]] void exit(int status);
[[noreturn]] void _Exit(int status);
char* getenv(const char* name);
[[noreturn]] void quick_exit(int status);
int system(const char* string)

仅当实现定义了 __STDC_IEC_60559_DFP__ ： 

int strfromd32(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _Decimal32 fp);
int strfromd64(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _Decimal64 fp);
int strfromd128(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _Decimal128 fp);
_Decimal32 strtod32(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_Decimal64 strtod64(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_Decimal128 strtod128(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
说明： - 函数声明中的代码部分（位于 ` 
` 标签内）已按规则保留原文  
- 仅对函数功能进行补充说明（非网页内容翻译）  
- 函数命名及参数类型严格遵循C++规范未作翻译

仅当实现定义了 __STDC_IEC_60559_TYPES__ 且用户代码在包含 <stdlib.h> 之前额外定义了 __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__ 时： 

#ifdef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__
int strfromfN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _FloatN fp);
int strfromfNx(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _FloatNx fp);
int strfromdN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _DecimalN fp);
int strfromdNx(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _DecimalNx fp);
_FloatN strtofN(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_FloatNx strtofNx(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_DecimalN strtodN(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_DecimalNx strtodNx(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
int strfromencfN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format,
                 const unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8]);
int strfromencdecdN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format,
                    const unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8]);
int strfromencbindN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format,
                    const unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8]);
void strtoencfN(unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8],
                const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
void strtoencdecdN(unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8],
                   const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
void strtoencbindN(unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8],
                   const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
#endif

仅当实现定义了 __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ 且用户代码在包含 stdio.h 之前额外定义了 __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 时： 

#if defined(__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__)
constraint_handler_t set_constraint_handler_s(constraint_handler_t handler);
void abort_handler_s(const char* restrict msg, void* restrict ptr, errno_t error);
void ignore_handler_s(const char* restrict msg, void* restrict ptr, errno_t error);
errno_t getenv_s(size_t* restrict len, char* restrict value, rsize_t maxsize,
                 const char* restrict name);
QVoid* bsearch_s(const void* key, QVoid* base, rsize_t nmemb, rsize_t size,
                 int (*compar)(const void* k, const void* y, void* context),
                               void* context);
errno_t qsort_s(void* base, rsize_t nmemb, rsize_t size,
                int (*compar)(const void* x, const void* y, void* context),
                              void* context);
errno_t wctomb_s(int* restrict status, char* restrict s, rsize_t smax,
                 wchar_t wc);
errno_t mbstowcs_s(size_t* restrict retval, wchar_t* restrict dst, rsize_t dstmax,
                   const char* restrict src, rsize_t len);
errno_t wcstombs_s(size_t* restrict retval, char* restrict dst, rsize_t dstmax,
                   const wchar_t* restrict src, rsize_t len);
#endif