std::shared_mutex:: lock

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <shared_mutex>
#include <syncstream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
std::mutex stream_mutx;
void print(auto const& v)
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(stream_mutx);
    std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << " saw: ";
    for (auto e : v)
        std::cout << e << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    constexpr int N_READERS = 5;
    constexpr int LAST = -999;
    std::shared_mutex smtx;
    int product = 0;
    auto writer = [&smtx, &product](int start, int end)
    {
        for (int i = start; i < end; ++ i)
        {
            auto data = i;
            {
                std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> lock(smtx); // 优于：
                                                                // smtx.lock();
                product = data;
            }
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(3ms);
        }
        smtx.lock(); // 手动加锁
        product = LAST;
        smtx.unlock();
    };
    auto reader = [&smtx, &product]
    {
        int data = 0;
        std::vector<int> seen;
        do
        {
            {
                // 推荐使用：
                std::shared_lock lock(smtx); // smtx.lock_shared();
                data = product;
            }                                // smtx.unlock_shared();
            seen.push_back(data);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(2ms);
        }
        while (data != LAST);
        print(seen);
    };
    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
    threads.emplace_back(writer, 1, 13);
    threads.emplace_back(writer, 42, 52);
    for (int i = 0; i < N_READERS; ++ i)
        threads.emplace_back(reader);
    for (auto&& t : threads)
        t.join();
}