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Feature testing (since C++20)

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Feature testing

标准定义了一组 预处理器宏 对应 C++11 或之后版本引入的 C++ 语言和库特性。这些宏旨在提供一种简单且可移植的方法来检测相关特性的存在。

目录

属性

__has_cpp_attribute( attribute-token )

检查是否支持由 attribute-token （在宏展开后）命名的 attribute 。

对于每个标准属性，由实现定义 __has_cpp_attribute 是否展开为下表所列值（即该属性加入工作草案的年份和月份）或 ​ 0 ​ 。当且仅当该标准属性使实现表现出推荐行为（发出诊断信息、影响类布局等）时，才会展开为表中的给定值。

供应商特定属性的存在由非零值确定。

__has_cpp_attribute 可在 #if 和 #elif 的表达式中展开。 它被 #ifdef 、 #ifndef 、 #elifdef 、 #elifndef (C++23 起) 以及 defined 视为已定义的宏，但不能在其他任何地方使用。

属性标记 属性 值 标准 提案文档
assume [[ assume ]] 202207L (C++23) P1774R8
carries_dependency [[ carries_dependency ]] 200809L (C++11)
(直至 C++26) 		N2556
N2643
P3475R2
deprecated [[ deprecated ]] 201309L (C++14) N3760
fallthrough [[ fallthrough ]] 201603L (C++17) P0188R1
indeterminate [[ indeterminate ]] 202403L (C++26) P2795R5
likely [[ likely ]] 201803L (C++20) P0479R5
maybe_unused [[ maybe_unused ]] 201603L (C++17) P0212R1
no_unique_address [[ no_unique_address ]] 201803L (C++20) P0840R2
nodiscard [[ nodiscard ]] 201603L (C++17) P0189R1
[[ nodiscard ]] 带原因说明 201907L (C++20) P1301R4
noreturn [[ noreturn ]] 200809L (C++11) N2761
unlikely [[ unlikely ]] 201803L (C++20) P0479R5
属性总数：11

语言特性

以下宏可用于检测当前实现是否支持某个语言特性。这些宏在 每个翻译单元中预定义 。

每个宏展开为对应的整数字面量，对应功能被纳入工作草案的年份和月份。当功能发生重大变更时，宏将相应更新。

宏名称 特性 值 标准 文献编号
__cpp_aggregate_ bases 具有基类的聚合类 201603L (C++17) P0017R1
__cpp_aggregate_ nsdmi 聚合类 支持 默认成员初始化器 201304L (C++14) N3653
__cpp_aggregate_ paren_init 聚合初始化 的 直接初始化 形式 201902L (C++20) P0960R3
__cpp_alias_templates 别名模板 200704L (C++11) N2258
__cpp_aligned_new 超对齐数据的动态内存分配 201606L (C++17) P0035R4
__cpp_attributes 属性 200809L (C++11) N2761
__cpp_auto_cast auto ( x ) 和 auto { x } 202110L (C++23) P0849R8
__cpp_binary_literals 二进制字面量 201304L (C++14) N3472
__cpp_capture_star_ this 通过值捕获 * this 的Lambda捕获 [ = , * this ] 201603L (C++17) P0018R3
__cpp_char8_t char8_t 201811L (C++20) P0482R6
char8_t 兼容性与可移植性修复（允许 （无符号）字符数组 从 UTF-8字符串字面量 进行初始化） 202207L (C++23)
(DR20) 		P2513R4
__cpp_concepts 概念 201907L (C++20) P0734R0
P1084R2
P1452R2
条件性平凡特殊成员函数 202002L P0848R3
P2493R0
__cpp_conditional_ explicit explicit(bool) 201806L (C++20) P0892R2
__cpp_consteval 立即函数 201811L (C++20) P1073R3
使 consteval 向上传播 202211L (C++23)
(DR20) 		P2564R3
__cpp_constexpr constexpr 200704L (C++11) N2235
放宽的 constexpr , 非 const constexpr 方法 201304L (C++14) N3652
常量表达式 lambda 201603L (C++17) P0170R1
虚函数 在常量表达式中的调用； try 代码块 在 constexpr 函数中， dynamic_cast 与多态 typeid 在常量表达式中的使用；平凡 默认初始化 及 asm声明 在 constexpr 函数中 201907L (C++20) P1064R0
P1002R1
P1327R1
P1331R2
P1668R1
在常量求值中更改联合体的活跃成员 202002L P1330R0
P2493R0
非 字面量 类型的变量、标签以及 goto 语句在 constexpr 函数中的使用 202110L (C++23) P2242R3
放宽对 constexpr 函数和函数模板的部分限制 202207L P2448R2
允许在 constexpr 函数中使用静态 constexpr 变量 202211L P2647R1
从 void * 的常量表达式转换：迈向 constexpr 类型擦除 202306L (C++26) P2738R1
constexpr 布局 new 202406L P2747R2
__cpp_constexpr_ dynamic_alloc 在 constexpr 函数中的动态存储期操作 201907L (C++20) P0784R7
__cpp_constexpr_ exceptions constexpr 异常： [1] , [2] 202411L (C++26) P3068R6
__cpp_constexpr_ in_decltype 在 常量求值需要时 生成函数和变量定义 201711L (C++20)
(DR11) 		P0859R0
__cpp_constinit constinit 201907L (C++20) P1143R2
__cpp_contracts 契约 202502L (C++26) P2900R14
__cpp_decltype decltype 200707L (C++11) N2343
__cpp_decltype_auto 普通函数的返回类型推导 201304L (C++14) N3638
__cpp_deduction_ guides 类模板的模板参数推导 (CTAD) 201703L (C++17) P0091R3
P0512R0
P0620R0
聚合类型与别名的CTAD 201907L (C++20) P1814R0
P1816R0
__cpp_delegating_ constructors 委托构造函数 200604L (C++11) N1986
__cpp_deleted_function 带消息的删除 函数定义 ( = delete ( "should have a reason" ) ; ) 202403L (C++26) P2573R2
__cpp_designated_ initializers 指定初始化器 201707L (C++20) P0329R4
__cpp_enumerator_ attributes 用于 枚举项 的属性 201411L (C++17) N4266
__cpp_explicit_this_ parameter 显式对象参数 202110L (C++23) P0847R7
__cpp_fold_expressions 折叠表达式 201603L (C++17) N4295
P0036R0
涉及 约束 与 折叠表达式 的排序规则 202406L (C++26) P2963R3
__cpp_generic_lambdas 泛型 lambda 表达式 201304L (C++14) N3649
用于 泛型lambda 的显式模板参数列表 201707L (C++20) P0428R2
__cpp_guaranteed_ copy_elision 通过简化的 值类别 实现保证的复制消除 201606L (C++17) P0135R1
__cpp_hex_float 十六进制浮点数字面量 201603L (C++17) P0245R1
__cpp_if_consteval if consteval 202106L (C++23) P1938R3
__cpp_if_constexpr if constexpr 201606L (C++17) P0292R2
__cpp_impl_coroutine 协程 （编译器支持） 201902L (C++20) P0912R5
LWG3393
__cpp_impl_destroying_ delete 销毁式 operator delete （编译器支持） 201806L (C++20) P0722R3
__cpp_impl_three_ way_comparison 三路比较 （编译器支持） 201907L (C++20) P0515R3
P0768R1
P1185R2
P1630R1
__cpp_implicit_move 简化版 隐式移动 202207L (C++23) P2266R3
__cpp_inheriting_ constructors 继承构造函数 200802L (C++11) N2540
重定义继承构造函数：针对 继承构造函数 的新规范 ( DR1941 等) 201511L (C++17)
(DR11) 		P0136R1
__cpp_init_captures Lambda 初始化捕获 201304L (C++14) N3648
允许在 lambda 初始化捕获中使用包展开 201803L (C++20) P0780R2
__cpp_initializer_ lists 列表初始化 和 std::initializer_list 200806L (C++11) N2672
__cpp_inline_variables 内联变量 201606L (C++17) P0386R2
__cpp_lambdas Lambda 表达式 200907L (C++11) N2927
__cpp_modules Modules 201907L (C++20) P1103R3
P1811R0
__cpp_multidimensional_ subscript 多维 下标运算符 202110L (C++23) P2128R6
静态 operator[] 202211L P2589R1
__cpp_named_character_ escapes 命名 通用字符转义 202207L (C++23) P2071R2
__cpp_namespace_ attributes 用于 命名空间 的属性 201411L (C++17) N4266
__cpp_noexcept_function_ type 使 异常规范 成为类型系统的一部分 201510L (C++17) P0012R1
__cpp_nontype_template_ args 允许对所有 常量模板参数 进行常量求值 201411L (C++17) N4268
类类型与浮点类型在 常量模板参数 中 201911L (C++20) P1907R1
__cpp_nontype_template_ parameter_auto 使用 auto 声明 常量模板参数 201606L (C++17) P0127R2
__cpp_nsdmi 非静态数据成员初始化器 200809L (C++11) N2756
__cpp_pack_indexing 包索引 202311L (C++26) P2662R3
__cpp_placeholder_ variables 无名称的优质占位符 202306L (C++26) P2169R4
__cpp_pp_embed #embed 202502L (C++26) P1967R14
__cpp_range_based_ for 基于范围的 for 循环 200907L (C++11) N2930
基于范围的 for 循环 支持不同的 begin / end 类型 201603L (C++17) P0184R0
基于范围的 for 循环中的生命周期扩展 202211L (C++23) P2644R1
P2718R0
CWG2659
__cpp_raw_strings 原始字符串字面量 200710L (C++11) N2442
__cpp_ref_qualifiers 引用限定符 200710L (C++11) N2439
__cpp_return_type_ deduction 普通函数的返回类型推导 201304L (C++14) N3638
__cpp_rvalue_references 右值引用 200610L (C++11) N2118
__cpp_size_t_suffix 用于 std::size_t 及其有符号版本的 字面量后缀 202011L (C++23) P0330R8
__cpp_sized_deallocation 带大小释放 201309L (C++14) N3778
__cpp_static_assert static_assert 200410L (C++11) N1720
单参数 static_assert 201411L (C++17) N3928
用户生成的 static_assert 消息 202306L (C++26) P2741R3
__cpp_static_call_ operator 静态 operator() 202207L (C++23) P1169R4
__cpp_structured_ bindings 结构化绑定 201606L (C++17) P0217R3
属性 用于 结构化绑定 202403L (C++26) P0609R3
结构化绑定 声明 作为条件 202406L P0963R3
结构化绑定 可以引入一个 包 202411L P1061R10
__cpp_template_parameters 概念与变量模板的模板形参 202502L (C++26) P2841R7
__cpp_template_template_ args 模板模板参数的 匹配 201611L (C++17) P0522R0
__cpp_threadsafe_ static_init 并发环境下的动态初始化与析构 200806L (C++11) N2660
__cpp_trivial_relocatability 平凡可重定位性 202502L (C++26) P2786R13
__cpp_trivial_union 平凡联合 202502L (C++26) P3074R7
__cpp_unicode_characters 新字符类型 ( char16_t 和 char32_t ) 200704L (C++11) N2249
__cpp_unicode_literals Unicode 字符串字面量 200710L (C++11) N2442
__cpp_user_defined_ literals 用户定义字面量 200809L (C++11) N2765
__cpp_using_enum using enum 201907L (C++20) P1099R5
__cpp_variable_templates 变量模板 201304L (C++14) N3651
__cpp_variadic_friend 可变参数 友元声明 202403L (C++26) P2893R3
__cpp_variadic_templates 可变参数模板 200704L (C++11) N2242
__cpp_variadic_using using -声明 中的包展开 201611L (C++17) P0195R2
宏定义总数：76

库功能特性

以下宏可用于检测当前实现是否支持某个标准库特性。与语言特性测试宏不同，它们不是预定义的，而是由头文件 <version> 提供。

对于每个库功能测试宏，提供相关标准库组件的头文件也会提供该宏。有关提供这些宏的头文件的完整列表，请参阅 库功能测试宏 。

每个宏展开为一个整数字面量，对应功能被纳入工作草案的年份和月份。当功能发生重大变更时，相应宏将同步更新。

宏名称 特性 值 标准 提案文档
__cpp_lib_adaptor_ iterator_pair_constructor std::stack 和 std::queue 的迭代器对构造函数 202106L (C++23) P1425R4
__cpp_lib_addressof_ constexpr 常量表达式 std::addressof 201603L (C++17) LWG2296
__cpp_lib_algorithm_ default_value_type 启用对 列表初始化 的 算法 支持 202403L (C++26) P2248R8
P3217R0
__cpp_lib_algorithm_ iterator_requirements 将范围迭代器作为非范围 算法 的输入 202207L (C++23) P2408R5
__cpp_lib_aligned_ accessor std::aligned_accessor ：一种表达指针超对齐的 std::mdspan 访问器 202411L (C++26) P2897R7
__cpp_lib_allocate_ at_least 分配器接口中的容量反馈机制，例如： std::allocator::allocate_at_least 、 std::allocator_traits::allocate_at_least 202302L (C++23) P0401R6
P2652R2
LWG3887
__cpp_lib_allocator_ traits_is_always_equal std::allocator_traits::is_always_equal , noexcept 清理 201411L (C++17) N4258
__cpp_lib_any std::any 201606L (C++17) P0220R1
P0032R3
__cpp_lib_apply std::apply 201603L (C++17) P0220R1
__cpp_lib_array_ constexpr 为 std::reverse_iterator 、 std::move_iterator 、 std::array 及 范围访问 提供常量表达式支持 201603L (C++17) P0031R0
ConstexprIterator ； constexpr 对 std::array 的比较操作； 杂项 constexpr 功能（ std::array::fill 等） 201811L (C++20) P0858R0
LWG3257
P1023R0
P1032R1
__cpp_lib_as_const std::as_const 201510L (C++17) P0007R1
__cpp_lib_associative_ heterogeneous_erasure 关联容器与无序关联容器中的 异构擦除 202110L (C++23) P2077R3
__cpp_lib_associative_ heterogeneous_insertion 为 有序 和 无序关联容器 中剩余成员函数提供的异构重载 202306L (C++26) P2363R5
__cpp_lib_assume_ aligned std::assume_aligned 201811L (C++20) P1007R3
__cpp_lib_atomic_ flag_test std::atomic_flag::test 201907L (C++20) P1135R6
__cpp_lib_atomic_ float 浮点原子类型 201711L (C++20) P0020R6
__cpp_lib_atomic_ is_always_lock_free Constexpr std::atomic<T>::is_always_lock_free 201603L (C++17) P0152R1
__cpp_lib_atomic_ lock_free_type_aliases 原子无锁整型类型 ( std::atomic_signed_lock_free , std::atomic_unsigned_lock_free ) 201907L (C++20) P1135R6
__cpp_lib_atomic_ min_max 原子最小值/最大值操作 ( std::atomic::fetch_min , std::atomic::fetch_max 等) 202403L (C++26) P0493R5
__cpp_lib_atomic_ ref std::atomic_ref 201806L (C++20) P0019R8
std::atomic_ref::address() 202411L (C++26) P2835R7
__cpp_lib_atomic_ shared_ptr std::atomic<std::shared_ptr> 201711L (C++20) P0718R2
__cpp_lib_atomic_ value_initialization 修复原子初始化（默认值初始化 std::atomic ） 201911L (C++20) P0883R2
__cpp_lib_atomic_ wait 高效的 std::atomic 等待机制 201907L (C++20) P1135R6
__cpp_lib_barrier std::barrier 201907L (C++20) P1135R6
std::barrier 的相位完成保证 202302L (C++23) P2588R3
__cpp_lib_bind_back std::bind_back 202202L (C++23) P2387R3
允许将可调用对象作为常量模板参数传递给 std::bind_back 202306L (C++26) P2714R1
__cpp_lib_bind_front std::bind_front 201907L (C++20) P0356R5
P1651R0
允许将可调用对象作为常量模板参数传递给 std::bind_front 202306L (C++26) P2714R1
__cpp_lib_bit_cast std::bit_cast 201806L (C++20) P0476R2
__cpp_lib_bitops 位操作 201907L (C++20) P0553R4
__cpp_lib_bitset 连接 std::bitset 与 std::string_view 202306L (C++26) P2697R1
__cpp_lib_bool_constant std::bool_constant 201505L (C++17) N4389
__cpp_lib_bounded_ array_traits std::is_bounded_array , std::is_unbounded_array 201902L (C++20) P1357R1
__cpp_lib_boyer_ moore_searcher 搜索器 201603L (C++17) P0220R1
__cpp_lib_byte std::byte 201603L (C++17) P0298R3
__cpp_lib_byteswap std::byteswap 202110L (C++23) P1272R4
__cpp_lib_char8_ t 对 char8_t 的库支持 201907L (C++20) P0482R6
P1423R3
__cpp_lib_chrono 用于 std::chrono::duration 和 std::chrono::time_point 的舍入函数 201510L (C++17) P0092R1
为 std::chrono::duration 和 std::chrono::time_point 的所有成员函数添加 constexpr 201611L P0505R0
日历 和 时区 201907L (C++20) P0355R7
P1466R3
哈希 对 std::chrono 值类的支持 202306L (C++26) P2592R3
__cpp_lib_chrono_ udls 时间类型的用户定义字面量 201304L (C++14) N3642
__cpp_lib_clamp std::clamp 201603L (C++17) P0025R1
__cpp_lib_common_ reference 使 std::common_reference_t 的 std::reference_wrapper 成为引用类型 202302L (C++23) P2655R3
__cpp_lib_common_ reference_wrapper 使 std::common_reference_t 的 std::reference_wrapper 成为引用类型 202302L (C++23) P2655R3
__cpp_lib_complex_ udls std::complex 的用户定义字面量 201309L (C++14) N3779
__cpp_lib_concepts 标准库概念 202002L (C++20) P0898R3
P1754R1
P1964R2
用于 equality_comparable_with 、 totally_ordered_with 和 three_way_comparable_with 的仅移动类型 202207L (C++23) P2404R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ algorithms 用于 算法 的常量表达式 201806L (C++20) P0202R3
P0879R0
LWG3256
LWG3792
Constexpr 稳定排序 202306L (C++26) P2562R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ atomic constexpr std::atomic 和 std::atomic_ref 202411L (C++26) P3309R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ bitset 更完善的 constexpr std::bitset 202207L (C++23) P2417R2
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ charconv 用于整型类型的 std::to_chars 和 std::from_chars 的常量表达式支持 202207L (C++23) P2291R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ cmath <cmath> 和 <cstdlib> 中数学函数的常量表达式支持 202202L (C++23) P0533R9
更多 constexpr 用于 <cmath> 202306L (C++26) P1383R2
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ complex std::complex 的常量表达式支持 201711L (C++20) P0415R1
更多 constexpr 用于 <complex> 202306L (C++26) P1383R2
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ deque constexpr std::deque 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ dynamic_alloc std::allocator 及相关工具的常量表达式支持 201907L (C++20) P0784R7
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ exceptions constexpr 用于异常类型，例如 std::bad_alloc 、 std::bad_cast 等 202411L (C++26) P3068R6
异常类型的更多 constexpr 支持 202502L P3378R2
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ flat_map constexpr std::flat_map 和 std::flat_multimap 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ flat_set constexpr std::flat_set 和 std::flat_multiset 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ forward_list constexpr std::forward_list 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ functional 杂项 constexpr 组件 ( std::default_searcher ); constexpr INVOKE 201907L (C++20) P1032R1
P1065R2
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ inplace_vector constexpr std::inplace_vector 用于非平凡类型 202502L (C++26) P3074R7
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ iterator 杂项 constexpr 功能 ( std::insert_iterator 等) 201811L (C++20) P1032R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ list constexpr std::list 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ map constexpr std::map 和 std::multimap 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ memory std::pointer_traits 中的常量表达式支持 201811L (C++20) P1006R1
Constexpr std::unique_ptr 202202L (C++23) P2273R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ new 常量表达式 放置 new 202406L (C++26) P2747R2
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ numeric 算法 的常量表达式支持 <numeric> 201911L (C++20) P1645R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ queue constexpr std::queue 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ set constexpr std::set 和 std::multiset 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ stack constexpr std::stack 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ string constexpr std::char_traits 201611L (C++17) P0426R1
constexpr std::string 201907L (C++20) P0980R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ string_view 杂项 constexpr 功能位 ( std::string_view::copy ) 201811L (C++20) P1032R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ tuple 杂项 constexpr 功能位 ( std::tuple::operator= 等) 201811L (C++20) P1032R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ typeinfo std::type_info::operator== 的常量表达式支持 202106L (C++23) P1328R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ unordered_map constexpr std::unordered_map 和 std::unordered_multimap 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ unordered_set constexpr std::unordered_set 和 std::unordered_multiset 202502L (C++26) P3372R3
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ utility 杂项 constexpr 功能位 ( std::pair::operator= 等) 201811L (C++20) P1032R1
__cpp_lib_constexpr_ vector std::vector 的常量表达式支持 201907L (C++20) P1004R2
__cpp_lib_constrained_ equality 为 std::pair 、 std::tuple 、 std::optional 和 std::variant 提供约束关系运算符 202403L (C++26) P2944R3
约束 std::expected 相等运算符 202411L P3379R0
__cpp_lib_containers_ ranges 面向范围 的容器与字符串构造及插入操作 202202L (C++23) P1206R7
__cpp_lib_contracts <contracts> ：契约支持 202502L (C++26) P2900R14
__cpp_lib_copyable_ function std::copyable_function 202306L (C++26) P2548R6
__cpp_lib_coroutine 协程 （库支持） 201902L (C++20) P0912R5
LWG3393
__cpp_lib_debugging <debugging> ： 调试支持 202311L (C++26) P2546R5
可替换的 std::is_debugger_present 202403L P2810R4
__cpp_lib_destroying_ delete 销毁式 operator delete （库支持） 201806L (C++20) P0722R3
__cpp_lib_enable_ shared_from_this std::enable_shared_from_this::weak_from_this 201603L (C++17) P0033R1
__cpp_lib_endian std::endian 201907L (C++20) P0463R1
P1612R1
__cpp_lib_erase_ if 统一容器擦除 202002L (C++20) P1209R0
P1115R3
__cpp_lib_exchange_ function std::exchange 201304L (C++14) N3668
__cpp_lib_execution 执行策略 201603L (C++17) P0024R2
std::execution::unsequenced_policy 201902L (C++20) P1001R2
__cpp_lib_expected 类模板 std::expected 202202L (C++23) P0323R12
用于 std::expected 的单子函数 202211L P2505R5
__cpp_lib_filesystem 文件系统库 201703L (C++17) P0218R1
P0219R1
P0392R0
P0317R1
__cpp_lib_flat_map std::flat_map 和 std::flat_multimap 202207L (C++23) P0429R9
__cpp_lib_flat_set std::flat_set 和 std::flat_multiset 202207L (C++23) P1222R4
LWG3751
__cpp_lib_format 文本格式化 201907L (C++20) P0645R10
P1361R2
P1652R1
编译时格式字符串检查；减少 std::vformat_to 的参数化 202106L (C++23)
(DR20) 		P2216R3
修复chrono格式化器中的区域设置处理；支持非常量可格式化类型 202110L P2372R3
P2418R2
公开 std::basic_format_string ；明确时间类型本地化格式化中的编码处理方式 202207L (C++23) P2419R2
P2508R1
格式化指针 202304L (C++26) P2510R3
类型检查格式参数 202305L P2757R3
成员函数 visit 202306L P2637R3
运行时格式字符串 202311L P2918R2
__cpp_lib_format_ path std::filesystem::path 的格式化 202403L (C++26) P2845R8
__cpp_lib_format_ ranges 格式化范围 202207L (C++23) P2286R8
P2585R1
LWG3750
__cpp_lib_format_ uchar 将代码单元格式化为整数的修复 202311L (C++26) P2909R4
__cpp_lib_formatters 格式化 std::thread::id 和 std::stacktrace 202302L (C++23) P2693R1
__cpp_lib_forward_ like std::forward_like 202207L (C++23) P2445R1
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ algorithm <algorithm> 中的独立设施 202311L (C++26) P2407R5
独立库： <algorithm> 202502L P2976R1
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ array 使 std::array 的部分组件可独立部署 202311L (C++26) P2407R5
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ char_traits 独立环境 std::char_traits 202306L (C++26) P2338R4
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ charconv <charconv> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2338R4
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ cstdlib <cstdlib> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2338R4
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ cstring <cstring> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2338R4
从独立设施中移除 std::strtok 202311L P2937R0
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ cwchar <cwchar> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2338R4
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ errc 独立环境 std::errc 202306L (C++26) P2338R4
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ execution 独立环境库： <execution> 202502L (C++26) P2976R1
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ expected 使 std::expected 的部分功能支持独立环境 202311L (C++26) P2833R2
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ feature_test_macros 对独立环境特性测试宏的支持 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ functional <functional> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ iterator <iterator> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ mdspan 独立环境 std::mdspan 202311L (C++26) P2833R2
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ memory <memory> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
独立库： <memory> 202502L P2976R1
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ numeric <numeric> 中的独立环境设施 (饱和算术) 202311L (C++26) P0543R3
独立库： <numeric> 202502L P2976R1
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ operator_new operator new 的定义 （在独立实现中为可选） 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ optional 使 std::optional 的部分功能支持独立环境 202311L (C++26) P2407R5
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ random 独立库实现： <random> 202502L (C++26) P2976R1
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ ranges <ranges> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ ratio <ratio> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ string_view 使 std::string_view 的部分功能支持独立环境 202311L (C++26) P2407R5
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ tuple <tuple> 中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ utility 头文件中的独立环境设施 202306L (C++26) P2198R7
__cpp_lib_freestanding_ variant 使 std::variant 的部分组件可独立部署 202311L (C++26) P2407R5
__cpp_lib_fstream_ native_handle 从文件流获取原生句柄 202306L (C++26) P1759R6
__cpp_lib_function_ ref std::function_ref ：类型擦除的可调用引用 202306L (C++26) P0792R14
__cpp_lib_gcd_lcm std::gcd , std::lcm 201606L (C++17) P0295R0
__cpp_lib_generator std::generator ：用于范围的同步协程生成器 202207L (C++23) P2502R2
__cpp_lib_generic_ associative_lookup 关联容器中的 异构比较查找 201304L (C++14) N3657
__cpp_lib_generic_ unordered_lookup 无序关联容器中的 异构比较查找 201811L (C++20) P0919R3
__cpp_lib_hardened_ array 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ basic_string 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ basic_string_view 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ bitset 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ deque 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ expected 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ forward_list 标准库强化 （仅存在于强化实现中） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ inplace_vector 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ list 标准库强化 （仅存在于强化实现中） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ mdspan 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ optional 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ span 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ valarray 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardened_ vector 标准库强化 （仅在强化实现中提供） 202502L (C++26) P3471R4
__cpp_lib_hardware_ interference_size Constexpr std::hardware_{constructive, destructive}_interference_size 201703L (C++17) P0154R1
__cpp_lib_hive <hive> ：一种基于桶的容器，可重用被擦除元素的内存位置 202502L (C++26) P0447R28
__cpp_lib_has_unique_ object_representations std::has_unique_object_representations 201606L (C++17) P0258R2
__cpp_lib_hazard_ pointer <hazard_pointer> ：危险指针 202306L (C++26) P2530R3
__cpp_lib_hypot std::hypot 的三参数重载 201603L (C++17) P0030R1
__cpp_lib_incomplete_ container_elements 针对 std::forward_list 、 std::list 和 std::vector 的最小化不完整类型支持 201505L (C++17) N4510
__cpp_lib_indirect std::indirect 202502L (C++26) P3019R13
__cpp_lib_inplace_ vector std::inplace_vector ：具有固定容量的动态可调整大小向量（就地存储） 202406L (C++26) P0843R14
__cpp_lib_int_pow2 整型二次幂运算 ( std::has_single_bit , std::bit_ceil , std::bit_floor , std::bit_width ) 202002L (C++20) P0556R3
P1956R1
__cpp_lib_integer_ comparison_functions 整数比较函数 202002L (C++20) P0586R2
__cpp_lib_integer_ sequence 编译期整数序列 201304L (C++14) N3658
__cpp_lib_integral_ constant_callable std::integral_constant::operator() 201304L (C++14) N3545
__cpp_lib_interpolate std::lerp , std::midpoint 201902L (C++20) P0811R3
__cpp_lib_invoke std::invoke 201411L (C++17) N4169
__cpp_lib_invoke_ r std::invoke_r 202106L (C++23) P2136R3
__cpp_lib_ios_noreplace 支持 独占模式 用于文件流 202207L (C++23) P2467R1
__cpp_lib_is_aggregate std::is_aggregate 201703L (C++17) LWG2911
__cpp_lib_is_constant_ evaluated std::is_constant_evaluated 201811L (C++20) P0595R2
__cpp_lib_is_final std::is_final 201402L (C++14) LWG2112
__cpp_lib_is_implicit_ lifetime std::is_implicit_lifetime 202302L (C++23) P2674R1
__cpp_lib_is_invocable std::is_invocable , std::invoke_result 201703L (C++17) P0604R0
__cpp_lib_is_layout_ compatible std::is_layout_compatible 201907L (C++20) P0466R5
__cpp_lib_is_nothrow_ convertible std::is_convertible 201806L (C++20) P0758R1
LWG3356
__cpp_lib_is_null_ pointer std::is_null_pointer 201309L (C++14)
(DR11) 		LWG2247
__cpp_lib_is_pointer_ interconvertible 指针可互转换特性： std::is_pointer_interconvertible_with_class ， std::is_pointer_interconvertible_base_of 201907L (C++20) P0466R5
__cpp_lib_is_scoped_ enum std::is_scoped_enum 202011L (C++23) P1048R1
__cpp_lib_is_sufficiently_ aligned std::is_sufficiently_aligned ：检查指针的对齐前提条件 202411L (C++26) P2897R7
__cpp_lib_is_swappable （无抛出）可交换特性 201603L (C++17) P0185R1
__cpp_lib_is_virtual_ base_of std::is_virtual_base_of ：用于检测虚基类的类型特征 202406L (C++26) P2985R0
__cpp_lib_is_within_ lifetime 检查联合体成员是否处于生存期内 ( std::is_within_lifetime ) 202306L (C++26) P2641R4
__cpp_lib_jthread 停止令牌 与 可汇合线程 201911L (C++20) P0660R10
P1869R1
__cpp_lib_latch std::latch 201907L (C++20) P1135R6
__cpp_lib_launder CWG 问题 1776 ：包含引用成员的类对象替换（ std::launder ） 201606L (C++17) P0137R1
__cpp_lib_linalg 基于BLAS的免费函数线性代数接口 202311L (C++26) P1673R13
__cpp_lib_list_remove_ return_type 更改 std::forward_list 和 std::list 的 remove() 、 remove_if() 及 unique() 成员函数的返回类型 201806L (C++20) P0646R1
__cpp_lib_logical_ traits 类型特征上的逻辑操作 201510L (C++17) P0013R1
__cpp_lib_make_from_ tuple std::make_from_tuple 201606L (C++17) P0209R2
__cpp_lib_make_reverse_ iterator std::make_reverse_iterator 201402L (C++14) LWG2285
__cpp_lib_make_unique std::make_unique 201304L (C++14) N3656
__cpp_lib_map_try_ emplace std::map::try_emplace , std::map::insert_or_assign 201411L (C++17) N4279
__cpp_lib_math_constants 数学常量 201907L (C++20) P0631R8
__cpp_lib_math_special_ functions 数学特殊函数 201603L (C++17) P0226R1
__cpp_lib_mdspan std::mdspan 202207L (C++23) P0009R18
P2599R2
P2604R0
P2613R1
std::dims 用于 std::mdspan 202406L (C++26) P2389R2
__cpp_lib_memory_ resource std::pmr::memory_resource 201603L (C++17) P0220R1
__cpp_lib_modules 标准库模块 std 和 std.compat 202207L (C++23) P2465R3
__cpp_lib_move_iterator_ concept 使 std::move_iterator<T*> 成为随机访问迭代器 202207L (C++23) P2520R0
__cpp_lib_move_only_ function std::move_only_function 202110L (C++23) P0288R9
__cpp_lib_node_extract 映射与集合的节点拼接（ std::map::extract 、 std::map::merge 、 insert(node_type) 等） 201606L (C++17) P0083R3
__cpp_lib_nonmember_ container_access std::size 、 std::data 和 std::empty 201411L (C++17) N4280
__cpp_lib_not_fn std::not_fn 201603L (C++17) P0005R4
允许将可调用对象作为常量模板参数传递给 std::not_fn 202306L (C++26) P2714R1
__cpp_lib_null_iterators 空 LegacyForwardIterator s 201304L (C++14) N3644
__cpp_lib_optional std::optional 201606L (C++17) P0220R1
P0032R3
P0307R2
完全 constexpr std::optional 202106L (C++23)
(DR20) 		P2231R1
单子操作 于 std::optional 202110L (C++23) P0798R8
LWG3621
__cpp_lib_optional_ range_support std::optional 范围支持 202406L (C++26) P3168R2
__cpp_lib_out_ptr std::out_ptr , std::inout_ptr 202106L (C++23) P1132R8
独立实现 std::out_ptr , std::inout_ptr 202311L (C++26) P2833R2
__cpp_lib_parallel_ algorithm 并行算法 201603L (C++17) P0024R2
__cpp_lib_polymorphic std::polymorphic 202502L (C++26) P3019R13
__cpp_lib_polymorphic_ allocator std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<> 作为词汇类型 201902L (C++20) P0339R6
LWG3437
__cpp_lib_print 格式化输出 202207L (C++23) P2093R14
允许高效实现 std::print 202403L (C++26)
(DR23) 		P3107R5
P3235R3
使用 std::println 打印空行 202403L (C++26) P3142R0
__cpp_lib_quoted_ string_io std::quoted 201304L (C++14) N3654
__cpp_lib_philox_ engine std::philox_engine ：基于计数器的随机数引擎 202406L (C++26) P2075R6
__cpp_lib_ranges 范围库 与 约束算法 201911L (C++20) P0896R4
P1035R7
P1716R3
非 可默认初始化 视图 202106L (C++23)
(DR20) 		P2325R3
视图 具有 所有权 202110L P2415R2
std::ranges::range_adaptor_closure 202202L (C++23) P2387R3
放宽 范围适配器 以支持仅移动类型 202207L P2494R2
移除 ranges::begin 、 ranges::end 、 ranges::rbegin 、 ranges::rend 和 ranges::size 中的“毒丸”重载 202211L P2602R2
放宽范围以允许特定投影 202302L P2609R3
从间接可调用概念中移除共同引用要求 202406L (C++26)
(DR20) 		P2997R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ as_const std::const_iterator , std::ranges::as_const_view 202207L (C++23) P2278R4
使 std::basic_const_iterator 遵循其底层类型的可转换性 202311L (C++26) P2836R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ as_rvalue std::ranges::as_rvalue_view 202207L (C++23) P2446R2
__cpp_lib_ranges_ cache_latest std::ranges::cache_latest_view 202411L (C++26) P3138R5
__cpp_lib_ranges_ cartesian_product std::ranges::cartesian_product_view 202207L (C++23) P2374R4
P2540R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ chunk std::ranges::chunk_view 202202L (C++23) P2442R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ chunk_by std::ranges::chunk_by_view 202202L (C++23) P2443R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ concat std::ranges::concat_view 202403L (C++26) P2542R8
__cpp_lib_ranges_ contains std::ranges::contains 202207L (C++23) P2302R4
__cpp_lib_ranges_ enumerate std::ranges::enumerate_view 202302L (C++23) P2164R9
__cpp_lib_ranges_ find_last std::ranges::find_last 、 std::ranges::find_last_if 和 std::ranges::find_last_if_not 202207L (C++23) P1223R5
LWG3807
__cpp_lib_ranges_ fold std::ranges 折叠算法 202207L (C++23) P2322R6
__cpp_lib_ranges_ generate_random 用于随机数生成的向量API ( std::ranges::generate_random ) 202403L (C++26) P1068R11
__cpp_lib_ranges_ iota std::ranges::iota 202202L (C++23) P2440R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ join_with std::ranges::join_with_view 202202L (C++23) P2441R2
__cpp_lib_ranges_ repeat std::ranges::repeat_view 202207L (C++23) P2474R2
__cpp_lib_ranges_ reserve_hint std::ranges::approximately_sized_range 和 std::ranges::reserve_hint 202502L (C++26) P2846R6
__cpp_lib_ranges_ slide std::ranges::slide_view 202202L (C++23) P2442R1
__cpp_lib_ranges_ starts_ends_with std::ranges::starts_with , std::ranges::ends_with 202106L (C++23) P1659R3
__cpp_lib_ranges_ stride std::ranges::stride_view 202207L (C++23) P1899R3
__cpp_lib_ranges_ to_container std::ranges::to 202202L (C++23) P1206R7
__cpp_lib_ranges_ to_input std::ranges::to_input_view 202502L (C++26) P3137R3
__cpp_lib_ranges_ zip std::ranges::zip_view , std::ranges::zip_transform_view , std::ranges::adjacent_view , std::ranges::adjacent_transform_view 202110L (C++23) P2321R2
__cpp_lib_ratio 新增2022年国际单位制词头 202306L (C++26) P2734R0
__cpp_lib_raw_memory_ algorithms 扩展内存管理工具 201606L (C++17) P0040R3
constexpr 用于 专用内存算法 202411L (C++26) P3508R0
P3369R0
__cpp_lib_rcu <rcu> : 读-复制更新 (RCU) 202306L (C++26) P2545R4
__cpp_lib_reference_ from_temporary std::reference_constructs_from_temporary 和 std::reference_converts_from_temporary 202202L (C++23) P2255R2
__cpp_lib_reference_ wrapper std::reference_wrapper 的比较操作 202403L (C++26) P2944R3
__cpp_lib_remove_ cvref std::remove_cvref 201711L (C++20) P0550R2
__cpp_lib_result_ of_sfinae std::result_of 和 SFINAE 201210L (C++14) N3462
__cpp_lib_robust_ nonmodifying_seq_ops 增强非修改序列操作的健壮性（为 std::mismatch 、 std::equal 和 std::is_permutation 提供双范围重载版本） 201304L (C++14) N3671
__cpp_lib_sample std::sample 201603L (C++17) P0220R1
__cpp_lib_saturation_ arithmetic 饱和算术 202311L (C++26) P0543R3
__cpp_lib_scoped_ lock std::scoped_lock 201703L (C++17) P0156R2
__cpp_lib_semaphore std::counting_semaphore , std::binary_semaphore 201907L (C++20) P1135R6
__cpp_lib_senders std::execution ：执行控制的发送者-接收者模型 202406L (C++26) P2300R10
__cpp_lib_shared_ mutex std::shared_mutex (非定时) 201505L (C++17) N4508
__cpp_lib_shared_ ptr_arrays std::shared_ptr<T[]> 201611L (C++17) P0497R0
对数组的 std::make_shared 支持 201707L (C++20) P0674R1
__cpp_lib_shared_ ptr_weak_type shared_ptr::weak_type 201606L (C++17) P0163R0
__cpp_lib_shared_ timed_mutex std::shared_timed_mutex 201402L (C++14) N3891
__cpp_lib_shift std::shift_left 和 std::shift_right 201806L (C++20) P0769R2
std::ranges::shift_left 和 std::ranges::shift_right 202202L (C++23) P2440R1
__cpp_lib_simd <simd> ： 数据并行类型 202411L (C++26) P1928R15
P3430R3
P3441R2
P3287R3
P2933R4
__cpp_lib_simd_complex 支持交错复数数值于 std::datapar::simd 202502L (C++26) P2663R7
__cpp_lib_smart_ ptr_for_overwrite 具有默认初始化的智能指针创建（ std::allocate_shared_for_overwrite 、 std::make_shared_for_overwrite 、 std::make_unique_for_overwrite ） 202002L (C++20) P1020R1
P1973R1
__cpp_lib_smart_ ptr_owner_equality 允许将 std::weak_ptr 用作 无序关联容器 的键 202306L (C++26) P1901R2
__cpp_lib_source_ location 源代码信息捕获 ( std::source_location ) 201907L (C++20) P1208R6
__cpp_lib_span std::span 202002L (C++20) P0122R7
LWG3274
P1024R3
P1976R2
使 std::span 的部分功能独立化 202311L (C++26) P2821R5
P2833R2
__cpp_lib_span_initializer_ list 从初始化列表构造 std::span 202311L (C++26) P2447R6
__cpp_lib_spanstream std::spanbuf , std::spanstream 202106L (C++23) P0448R4
__cpp_lib_ssize std::ssize 和无符号的 std::span::size 201902L (C++20) P1227R2
__cpp_lib_sstream_ from_string_view 实现 std::stringstream 与 std::string_view 的交互操作 202306L (C++26) P2495R3
__cpp_lib_stacktrace 堆栈追踪库 202011L (C++23) P0881R7
__cpp_lib_start_ lifetime_as 显式生命周期管理 ( std::start_lifetime_as ) 202207L (C++23) P2590R2
__cpp_lib_starts_ ends_with 字符串前缀与后缀检查（ starts_with() 和 ends_with() 用于 std::string 及 std::string_view ） 201711L (C++20) P0457R2
__cpp_lib_stdatomic_ h 用于C原子操作的兼容性头文件 202011L (C++23) P0943R6
__cpp_lib_string_ contains contains() 用于 std::basic_string 和 std::basic_string_view 202011L (C++23) P1679R3
__cpp_lib_string_ resize_and_overwrite std::basic_string::resize_and_overwrite 202110L (C++23) P1072R10
__cpp_lib_string_ udls 字符串类型的用户定义字面量 201304L (C++14) N3642
__cpp_lib_string_ view std::string_view 201606L (C++17) P0220R1
P0254R2
ConstexprIterator 201803L (C++20) P0858R0
LWG3257
字符串连接 的 std::string 与 std::string_view 操作 202403L (C++26) P2591R5
__cpp_lib_submdspan std::submdspan 202306L (C++26) P2630R4
填充式 mdspan 布局 202403L P2642R6
__cpp_lib_syncbuf 同步缓冲输出流 ( std::syncbuf , std::osyncstream ) 及其操纵器 201803L (C++20) P0053R7
P0753R2
__cpp_lib_text_encoding std::text_encoding 202306L (C++26) P1885R12
__cpp_lib_three_ way_comparison 三路比较 （库支持）；向库中添加三路比较功能 201907L (C++20) P0768R1
P1614R2
__cpp_lib_to_address 将指针转换为原始指针的工具（ std::to_address ） 201711L (C++20) P0653R2
__cpp_lib_to_array std::to_array 201907L (C++20) P0325R4
__cpp_lib_to_chars 基础字符串转换 ( std::to_chars , std::from_chars ) 201611L (C++17) P0067R5
P0682R1
LWG3137
测试 <charconv> 函数的成功或失败 202306L (C++26) P2497R0
__cpp_lib_to_string 基于 std::to_string 重新定义 std::format 202306L (C++26) P2587R3
__cpp_lib_to_underlying std::to_underlying 202102L (C++23) P1682R3
__cpp_lib_transformation_ trait_aliases 用于 转换特征 的别名模板 201304L (C++14) N3655
__cpp_lib_transparent_ operators 透明运算符函子 ( std::less<> 等) 201210L (C++14) N3421
透明 std::owner_less ( std::owner_less<void> ) 201510L (C++17) P0074R0
__cpp_lib_trivially_ relocatable 平凡可重定位特性与操作 202502L (C++26) P2786R13
__cpp_lib_tuple_ element_t std::tuple_element_t 201402L (C++14) N3887
__cpp_lib_tuple_ like std::tuple 与类元组对象（ std::pair 、 std::array 、 std::subrange ）的兼容性 202207L (C++23) P2165R4
为 std::complex 添加元组协议 202311L (C++26) P2819R2
__cpp_lib_tuples_ by_type 通过类型访问元组 201304L (C++14) N3670
__cpp_lib_type_identity std::type_identity 201806L (C++20) P0887R1
__cpp_lib_type_trait_ variable_templates 类型特征变量模板 ( std::is_void_v 等) 201510L (C++17) P0006R0
__cpp_lib_uncaught_ exceptions std::uncaught_exceptions 201411L (C++17) N4259
__cpp_lib_unordered_ map_try_emplace std::unordered_map::try_emplace , std::unordered_map::insert_or_assign 201411L (C++17) N4279
__cpp_lib_unreachable std::unreachable 202202L (C++23) P0627R6
__cpp_lib_unwrap_ ref std::unwrap_ref_decay 和 std::unwrap_reference 201811L (C++20) P0318R1
LWG3348
__cpp_lib_variant std::variant ：C++17 的类型安全联合 201606L (C++17) P0088R3
P0393R3
P0032R3
std::visit 用于派生自 std::variant 的类 202102L (C++23)
(DR17) 		P2162R2
完全 constexpr std::variant 202106L (C++23)
(DR20) 		P2231R1
成员函数 visit 202306L (C++26) P2637R3
__cpp_lib_void_t std::void_t 201411L (C++17) N3911
宏定义总数：282

示例

常规用法

运行此代码 
#ifdef __has_include                           // 检查 __has_include 是否存在
#  if __has_include(<optional>)                // 检查标准库
#    include <optional>
#  elif __has_include(<experimental/optional>) // 检查实验版本
#    include <experimental/optional>
#  elif __has_include(<boost/optional.hpp>)    // 尝试外部库
#    include <boost/optional.hpp>
#  else                                        // 完全未找到
#     error "Missing <optional>"
#  endif
#endif
#ifdef __has_cpp_attribute                      // 检查 __has_cpp_attribute 是否存在
#  if __has_cpp_attribute(deprecated)           // 检查属性
#    define DEPRECATED(msg) [[deprecated(msg)]]
#  endif
#endif
#ifndef DEPRECATED
#    define DEPRECATED(msg)
#endif
DEPRECATED("foo() has been deprecated") void foo();
#if __cpp_constexpr >= 201304                // 检查特性的特定版本
#  define CONSTEXPR constexpr
#else
#  define CONSTEXPR inline
#endif
CONSTEXPR int bar(unsigned i)
{
#if __cpp_binary_literals                    // 检查特性是否存在
    unsigned mask1 = 0b11000000;
    unsigned mask2 = 0b00000111;
#else
    unsigned mask1 = 0xC0;
    unsigned mask2 = 0x07;
#endif
    if (i & mask1)
        return 1;
    if (i & mask2)
        return 2;
    return 0;
}
int main() {}

编译器功能清单

以下（兼容C++11的）程序用于输出C++编译器特性与属性信息。 请注意， __has_cpp_attribute ( ) 的使用方式并不 符合规范 ，且依赖于gcc/clang的实现。

运行此代码 
static constexpr struct choose_what_and_how_to_print
{
    constexpr static int longest_macro_name { 45 };
    constexpr static bool titles               = 1;
    constexpr static bool counters             = 1;
    constexpr static bool attributes           = 1;
    constexpr static bool standard_values      = 1;
    constexpr static bool compiler_specific    = 1;
    constexpr static bool core_features        = 1;
    constexpr static bool lib_features         = 1;
    constexpr static bool supported_features   = 1;
    constexpr static bool unsupported_features = 1;
    constexpr static bool sort_by_date         = 0;
    constexpr static bool separate_year_month  = 1;
    constexpr static bool separated_revisions  = 1;
    constexpr static bool latest_revisions     = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx98                = 0;
    constexpr static bool cxx11                = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx14                = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx17                = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx20                = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx23                = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx26                = 1;
    constexpr static bool cxx29                = 0;
} print;
#if __cplusplus < 201100
#  error "需要 C++11 或更高版本"
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#ifdef __has_include
# if __has_include(<version>)
#   include <version>
# endif
# if __has_include(<stdfloat>)
#   include <stdfloat>
# endif
#endif
// 期望一个以6位十进制数字或'_'开头的字符串（若不支持）
#define COMPILER_VALUE_INT(n) #n [0] == '_' ? 0 : \
    (#n[5] - '0') + (#n[4] - '0') * 10 + (#n[3] - '0') * 100 + \
    (#n[2] - '0') * 1000 + (#n[1] - '0') * 10000 + (#n[0] - '0') * 100000
#define COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(expect, name) { #name, COMPILER_VALUE_INT(name), expect },
#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && defined(__GNUG__)
# define COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(expect, name) { #name, __has_cpp_attribute(name), expect },
#else
# define COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(expect, name) { #name, COMPILER_VALUE_INT(name), expect },
#endif
#define COMPILER_SPECIFIC_STRING(value) #value
#define COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(name) { #name, COMPILER_SPECIFIC_STRING(name) },
class CompilerFeature
{
    char const* name_; long data_; long std_;
public:
    constexpr CompilerFeature(char const* name, long data, long std)
        : name_(name), data_(data), std_(std) {}
    constexpr CompilerFeature(CompilerFeature const&) = default;
    CompilerFeature& operator=(CompilerFeature const&) = default;
    bool operator<(CompilerFeature const& rhs) const
        { return std::strcmp(name_, rhs.name_) < 0; }
    bool operator==(CompilerFeature const& rhs) const
        { return std::strcmp(name_, rhs.name_) == 0; }
    constexpr bool supported() const { return data_ >= std_; }
    constexpr bool maybe() const { return data_ > 0; }
    constexpr char const* name() const { return name_; }
    constexpr long std() const { return std_; }
    constexpr long data() const { return data_; }
    void data(long x) { data_ = x; }
};
// 非FTM宏，包括实现特定的宏：
static /*constexpr*/ std::pair<const char*, const char*> compiler[] = {
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__cplusplus)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__clang_major__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__clang_minor__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__clang_patchlevel__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__GNUG__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__GNUC_MINOR__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
    // 可选的 <stdfloat> 定宽浮点类型 (C++23)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_FLOAT16_T__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_FLOAT32_T__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_FLOAT64_T__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_FLOAT128_T__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_BFLOAT16_T__)
    // C23 => C++26
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_ENDIAN_BIG__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_ENDIAN_LITTLE__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_ENDIAN_NATIVE__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_VERSION_STDBIT_H__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_VERSION_STDCKDINT_H__)
    // 添加您喜欢的实现特定宏...
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_THREADS__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDCPP_STRICT_POINTER_SAFETY__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_EMBED_NOT_FOUND__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_EMBED_FOUND__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_EMBED_EMPTY__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_VERSION__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_HOSTED__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_ISO_10646__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__STDC_MB_MIGHT_NEQ_WC__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__DATE__)
    COMPILER_SPECIFIC_ENTRY(__TIME__)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx98_core[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(199711L, __cpp_exceptions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(199711L, __cpp_rtti)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx11_core[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200704L, __cpp_alias_templates)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200809L, __cpp_attributes)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200704L, __cpp_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_constexpr_in_decltype)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200707L, __cpp_decltype)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200604L, __cpp_delegating_constructors)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201511L, __cpp_inheriting_constructors)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200806L, __cpp_initializer_lists)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200907L, __cpp_lambdas)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200809L, __cpp_nsdmi)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200907L, __cpp_range_based_for)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200710L, __cpp_raw_strings)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200710L, __cpp_ref_qualifiers)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200610L, __cpp_rvalue_references)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200410L, __cpp_static_assert)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200806L, __cpp_threadsafe_static_init)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200704L, __cpp_unicode_characters)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200710L, __cpp_unicode_literals)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200809L, __cpp_user_defined_literals)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(200704L, __cpp_variadic_templates)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx14_core[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_aggregate_nsdmi)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_binary_literals)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_decltype_auto)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_generic_lambdas)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_init_captures)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_return_type_deduction)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201309L, __cpp_sized_deallocation)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_variable_templates)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx14_lib[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_chrono_udls)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201309L, __cpp_lib_complex_udls)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_exchange_function)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_generic_associative_lookup)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_integer_sequence)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_integral_constant_callable)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201402L, __cpp_lib_is_final)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201309L, __cpp_lib_is_null_pointer)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201402L, __cpp_lib_make_reverse_iterator)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_make_unique)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_null_iterators)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_quoted_string_io)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201210L, __cpp_lib_result_of_sfinae)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_robust_nonmodifying_seq_ops)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201402L, __cpp_lib_shared_timed_mutex)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_string_udls)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_transformation_trait_aliases)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201210L, __cpp_lib_transparent_operators)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201402L, __cpp_lib_tuple_element_t)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201304L, __cpp_lib_tuples_by_type)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx17_core[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_aggregate_bases)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_aligned_new)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_capture_star_this)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201703L, __cpp_deduction_guides)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_enumerator_attributes)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_fold_expressions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_guaranteed_copy_elision)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_hex_float)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_if_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_inline_variables)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_namespace_attributes)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201510L, __cpp_noexcept_function_type)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_nontype_template_args)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_nontype_template_parameter_auto)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_range_based_for)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_static_assert)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_structured_bindings)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201611L, __cpp_template_template_args)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201611L, __cpp_variadic_using)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx17_lib[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_addressof_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_allocator_traits_is_always_equal)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_any)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_apply)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_array_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201510L, __cpp_lib_as_const)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_atomic_is_always_lock_free)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201505L, __cpp_lib_bool_constant)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_boyer_moore_searcher)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_byte)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201611L, __cpp_lib_chrono)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_clamp)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_enable_shared_from_this)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_execution)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201703L, __cpp_lib_filesystem)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_gcd_lcm)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201703L, __cpp_lib_hardware_interference_size)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_has_unique_object_representations)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_hypot)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201505L, __cpp_lib_incomplete_container_elements)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_invoke)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201703L, __cpp_lib_is_aggregate)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201703L, __cpp_lib_is_invocable)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_is_swappable)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_launder)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201510L, __cpp_lib_logical_traits)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_make_from_tuple)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_map_try_emplace)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_math_special_functions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_memory_resource)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_node_extract)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_nonmember_container_access)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_not_fn)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_optional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_parallel_algorithm)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_raw_memory_algorithms)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201603L, __cpp_lib_sample)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201703L, __cpp_lib_scoped_lock)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201505L, __cpp_lib_shared_mutex)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201611L, __cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_shared_ptr_weak_type)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201606L, __cpp_lib_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201611L, __cpp_lib_to_chars)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201510L, __cpp_lib_transparent_operators)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201510L, __cpp_lib_type_trait_variable_templates)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_unordered_map_try_emplace)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202102L, __cpp_lib_variant)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201411L, __cpp_lib_void_t)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx20_core[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_aggregate_paren_init)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_char8_t)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_concepts)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_conditional_explicit)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202211L, __cpp_consteval)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_constexpr_dynamic_alloc)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_constinit)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_deduction_guides)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201707L, __cpp_designated_initializers)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201707L, __cpp_generic_lambdas)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_impl_coroutine)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_impl_destroying_delete)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_impl_three_way_comparison)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201803L, __cpp_init_captures)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_modules)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201911L, __cpp_nontype_template_args)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_using_enum)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx20_lib[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_array_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_assume_aligned)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_atomic_flag_test)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_lib_atomic_float)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_atomic_lock_free_type_aliases)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_atomic_ref)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_lib_atomic_shared_ptr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201911L, __cpp_lib_atomic_value_initialization)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_atomic_wait)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_barrier)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_bind_front)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_bit_cast)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_bitops)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_lib_bounded_array_traits)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_char8_t)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_chrono)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_lib_concepts)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_algorithms)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_complex)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_dynamic_alloc)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_functional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_iterator)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_memory)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201911L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_numeric)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_string)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_tuple)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_utility)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_vector)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_lib_coroutine)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_destroying_delete)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_endian)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_lib_erase_if)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_lib_execution)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_format)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_generic_unordered_lookup)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_lib_int_pow2)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_lib_integer_comparison_functions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_lib_interpolate)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_is_layout_compatible)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_is_nothrow_convertible)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_is_pointer_interconvertible)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201911L, __cpp_lib_jthread)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_latch)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_list_remove_return_type)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_math_constants)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_optional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_lib_polymorphic_allocator)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_ranges)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_lib_remove_cvref)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_semaphore)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201707L, __cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_shift)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_lib_smart_ptr_for_overwrite)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_source_location)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202002L, __cpp_lib_span)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201902L, __cpp_lib_ssize)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_lib_starts_ends_with)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201803L, __cpp_lib_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201803L, __cpp_lib_syncbuf)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201711L, __cpp_lib_to_address)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201907L, __cpp_lib_to_array)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201806L, __cpp_lib_type_identity)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(201811L, __cpp_lib_unwrap_ref)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_variant)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx23_core[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_auto_cast)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202211L, __cpp_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_explicit_this_parameter)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_if_consteval)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_implicit_move)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202211L, __cpp_multidimensional_subscript)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_named_character_escapes)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202211L, __cpp_range_based_for)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202011L, __cpp_size_t_suffix)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_static_call_operator)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx23_lib[] = {
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_adaptor_iterator_pair_constructor)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_algorithm_iterator_requirements)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_allocate_at_least)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_associative_heterogeneous_erasure)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_barrier)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_bind_back)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_byteswap)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_common_reference)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_common_reference_wrapper)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_concepts)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_bitset)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_charconv)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_cmath)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_memory)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_typeinfo)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_containers_ranges)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202211L, __cpp_lib_expected)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_flat_map)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_flat_set)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_format)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_format_ranges)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_formatters)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_forward_like)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_generator)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_invoke_r)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ios_noreplace)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_is_implicit_lifetime)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202011L, __cpp_lib_is_scoped_enum)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_mdspan)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_modules)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_move_iterator_concept)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_move_only_function)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_optional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_out_ptr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_print)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_ranges)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_as_const)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_as_rvalue)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_cartesian_product)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_ranges_chunk)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_ranges_chunk_by)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_contains)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202302L, __cpp_lib_ranges_enumerate)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_find_last)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_fold)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_ranges_iota)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_ranges_join_with)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_repeat)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_ranges_slide)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_ranges_starts_ends_with)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_ranges_stride)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_ranges_to_container)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_ranges_zip)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_reference_from_temporary)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_shift)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202106L, __cpp_lib_spanstream)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202011L, __cpp_lib_stacktrace)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_start_lifetime_as)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202011L, __cpp_lib_stdatomic_h)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202011L, __cpp_lib_string_contains)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202110L, __cpp_lib_string_resize_and_overwrite)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202102L, __cpp_lib_to_underlying)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202207L, __cpp_lib_tuple_like)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202202L, __cpp_lib_unreachable)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx26_core[] = {
    //< 继续填充
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_constexpr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_constexpr_exceptions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_contracts)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_deleted_function)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_fold_expressions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_pack_indexing)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_placeholder_variables)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_pp_embed)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_static_assert)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_structured_bindings)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_template_parameters)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_trivial_relocatability)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_trivial_union)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_variadic_friend)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx26_lib[] = {
    //< 继续填充
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_aligned_accessor)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_associative_heterogeneous_insertion)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_atomic_min_max)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_atomic_ref)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_bind_back)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_bind_front)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_bitset)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_chrono)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_algorithms)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_atomic)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_cmath)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_complex)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_deque)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_exceptions)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_flat_map)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_flat_set)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_forward_list)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_inplace_vector)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_list)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_map)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_new)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_queue)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_set)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_stack)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_unordered_map)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_constexpr_unordered_set)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_constrained_equality)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_contracts)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_copyable_function)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_debugging)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_format)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_format_path)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_format_uchar)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_algorithm)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_array)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_char_traits)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_charconv)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_cstdlib)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_cstring)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_cwchar)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_errc)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_execution)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_expected)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_feature_test_macros)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_functional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_iterator)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_mdspan)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_memory)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_numeric)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_operator_new)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_optional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_random)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_ranges)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_ratio)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_tuple)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_utility)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_freestanding_variant)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_fstream_native_handle)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_function_ref)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_array)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_basic_string)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_basic_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_bitset)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_deque)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_expected)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_forward_list)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_inplace_vector)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_list)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_mdspan)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_optional)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_span)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_valarray)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hardened_vector)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_hazard_pointer)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_hive)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_indirect)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_inplace_vector)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_is_sufficiently_aligned)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_is_virtual_base_of)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_is_within_lifetime)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_linalg)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_mdspan)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_not_fn)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_optional_range_support)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_out_ptr)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_philox_engine)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_polymorphic)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_print)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_ranges)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_ranges_as_const)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_ranges_cache_latest)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_ranges_concat)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_ranges_generate_random)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_ranges_reserve_hint)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_ranges_to_input)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_ratio)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_raw_memory_algorithms)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_rcu)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_reference_wrapper)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_saturation_arithmetic)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202406L, __cpp_lib_senders)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202411L, __cpp_lib_simd)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_simd_complex)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_smart_ptr_owner_equality)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_span)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_span_initializer_list)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_sstream_from_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_string_view)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202403L, __cpp_lib_submdspan)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_text_encoding)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_to_chars)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_to_string)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202502L, __cpp_lib_trivially_relocatable)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202311L, __cpp_lib_tuple_like)
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202306L, __cpp_lib_variant)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx29_core[] = {
    //< 继续填充
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202604L, __cpp_core_TODO)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature cxx29_lib[] = {
    //< 继续填充
    COMPILER_FEATURE_ENTRY(202604L, __cpp_lib_TODO)
};
static constexpr CompilerFeature attributes[] = {
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(202207L, assume)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(200809L, carries_dependency)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201309L, deprecated)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201603L, fallthrough)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(202403L, indeterminate)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201803L, likely)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201603L, maybe_unused)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201803L, no_unique_address)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201907L, nodiscard)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(200809L, noreturn)
    COMPILER_ATTRIBUTE(201803L, unlikely)
};
inline void show_compiler_specific_info()
{
    std::printf("其他宏:\n");
    for (auto co : compiler)
        if (std::strcmp(co.first, co.second))
            std::printf("%*s %s\n", -print.longest_macro_name, co.first, co.second);
}
inline void print_compiler_feature(const CompilerFeature& x)
{
    if (not ((print.supported_features and x.maybe()) or
            (print.unsupported_features and not x.maybe())))
        return;
    auto print_year_month = [](long n)
    {
        return std::printf("%ld%s%02ld",
            n / 100, print.separate_year_month ? "-" : "", n % 100);
    };
    std::printf("%*s ", -print.longest_macro_name, x.name());
    x.maybe() ? print_year_month(x.data()) :
                    std::printf("------%s", print.separate_year_month ? "-" : "");
    if (print.standard_values)
        std::printf("  %c  ", (x.supported() ? (x.data() > x.std() ? '>' : '=') : '<')),
            print_year_month(x.std());
    std::puts("");
}
template<class Container>
inline void show(char const* const title, Container const& co)
{
    if (print.titles)
    {
        std::printf("%-s (", title);
        if (print.counters)
        {
            std::printf("%zd/", std::count_if(std::begin(co), std::end(co),
                [](CompilerFeature x)
                {
                    return x.supported();
                }));
        }
        std::printf("%td)\n", std::distance(std::begin(co), std::end(co)));
    }
    if (print.sort_by_date)
    {
        std::vector<CompilerFeature> v(std::begin(co), std::end(co));
        std::stable_sort(v.begin(), v.end(),
            [](CompilerFeature const& lhs, CompilerFeature const& rhs)
            {
                return lhs.data() < rhs.data();
            });
        std::for_each(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), print_compiler_feature);
    }
    else
        std::for_each(std::begin(co), std::end(co), print_compiler_feature);
    std::puts("");
}
inline void show_latest()
{
    auto latest_rev = []() -> int
    {
        return print.cxx29 ? 29 : print.cxx26 ? 26 : print.cxx23 ? 23 : print.cxx20 ? 20 :
               print.cxx17 ? 17 : print.cxx14 ? 14 : print.cxx11 ? 11 : 98;
    };
    std::vector<CompilerFeature> latest;
    auto add = [&latest](CompilerFeature x)
    {
        auto i = std::lower_bound(latest.begin(), latest.end(), x);
        if (i == latest.end() or not (*i == x))
            latest.insert(i, x);
        else if (i->data() < x.data())
            i->data(x.data());
    };
    char text[64];
    latest.reserve(512); // max 宏
    if (print.core_features)
    {   // 保持反向修订插入顺序！
        if (print.cxx29) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx29_core), std::end(cxx29_core), add);
        if (print.cxx26) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx26_core), std::end(cxx26_core), add);
        if (print.cxx23) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx23_core), std::end(cxx23_core), add);
        if (print.cxx20) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx20_core), std::end(cxx20_core), add);
        if (print.cxx17) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx17_core), std::end(cxx17_core), add);
        if (print.cxx14) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx14_core), std::end(cxx14_core), add);
        if (print.cxx11) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx11_core), std::end(cxx11_core), add);
        if (print.cxx98) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx98_core), std::end(cxx98_core), add);
        std::snprintf(text, sizeof text, "截至C++%02i版本的所有核心宏", latest_rev());
        show(text, latest);
    }
    latest.clear();
    if (print.lib_features)
    {   // 保留反向修订插入顺序！
        if (print.cxx29) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx29_lib), std::end(cxx29_lib), add);
        if (print.cxx26) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx26_lib), std::end(cxx26_lib), add);
        if (print.cxx23) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx23_lib), std::end(cxx23_lib), add);
        if (print.cxx20) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx20_lib), std::end(cxx20_lib), add);
        if (print.cxx17) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx17_lib), std::end(cxx17_lib), add);
        if (print.cxx14) std::for_each(std::begin(cxx14_lib), std::end(cxx14_lib), add);
        std::snprintf(text, sizeof text, "ALL LIB MACROS UP TO C++%02i", latest_rev());
        show(text, latest);
    }
}
int main()
{
    if (print.separated_revisions)
    {
        if (print.cxx98 and print.core_features) show("C++98 CORE", cxx98_core);
        if (print.cxx11 and print.core_features) show("C++11 CORE", cxx11_core);
        if (print.cxx14 and print.core_features) show("C++14 CORE", cxx14_core);
        if (print.cxx14 and print.lib_features ) show("C++14 库" , cxx14_lib);
        if (print.cxx17 and print.core_features) show("C++17 核心", cxx17_core);
        if (print.cxx17 and print.lib_features ) show("C++17 库" , cxx17_lib);
        if (print.cxx20 and print.core_features) show("C++20 核心", cxx20_core);
        if (print.cxx20 and print.lib_features ) show("C++20 库" , cxx20_lib);
        if (print.cxx23 and print.core_features) show("C++23 核心", cxx23_core);
        if (print.cxx23 and print.lib_features ) show("C++23 库" , cxx23_lib);
        if (print.cxx26 and print.core_features) show("C++26 核心", cxx26_core);
        if (print.cxx26 and print.lib_features ) show("C++26 库" , cxx26_lib);
        if (print.cxx29 and print.core_features) show("C++29 CORE", cxx29_core);
        if (print.cxx29 and print.lib_features ) show("C++29 LIB" , cxx29_lib);
    }
    if (print.latest_revisions) show_latest();
    if (print.attributes) show("ATTRIBUTES", attributes);
    if (print.compiler_specific) show_compiler_specific_info();
}

可能的输出： 

C++11 核心特性 (20/20)
__cpp_alias_templates                         2007-04  =  2007-04
__cpp_attributes                              2008-09  =  2008-09
__cpp_constexpr                               2022-11  >  2007-04
__cpp_constexpr_in_decltype                   2017-11  =  2017-11
... 已截断 ...
C++14 核心特性 (9/9)
__cpp_aggregate_nsdmi                         2013-04  =  2013-04
__cpp_binary_literals                         2013-04  =  2013-04
__cpp_constexpr                               2022-11  >  2013-04
... 已截断 ...
C++14 标准库 (20/20)
__cpp_lib_chrono_udls                         2013-04  =  2013-04
__cpp_lib_complex_udls                        2013-09  =  2013-09
__cpp_lib_exchange_function                   2013-04  =  2013-04
... 已截断 ...
... 已截断 ...
C++23 标准库 (43/64)
__cpp_lib_adaptor_iterator_pair_constructor   2021-06  =  2021-06
__cpp_lib_algorithm_iterator_requirements     -------  <  2022-07
__cpp_lib_allocate_at_least                   -------  <  2023-02
__cpp_lib_associative_heterogeneous_erasure   -------  <  2021-10
__cpp_lib_barrier                             2019-07  <  2023-02
... 已截断 ...
截至 C++26 的所有核心宏 (60/76)
__cpp_aggregate_bases                         2016-03  =  2016-03
__cpp_aggregate_nsdmi                         2013-04  =  2013-04
__cpp_aggregate_paren_init                    2019-02  =  2019-02
__cpp_alias_templates                         2007-04  =  2007-04
... 已截断 ...
截至 C++26 的所有标准库宏 (158/282)
__cpp_lib_adaptor_iterator_pair_constructor   2021-06  =  2021-06
__cpp_lib_addressof_constexpr                 2016-03  =  2016-03
__cpp_lib_algorithm_iterator_requirements     -------  <  2022-07
__cpp_lib_allocate_at_least                   -------  <  2023-02
__cpp_lib_allocator_traits_is_always_equal    2014-11  =  2014-11
... 已截断 ...
属性 (9/11)
assume                                        2022-07  =  2022-07
carries_dependency                            -------  <  2008-09
deprecated                                    2013-09  =  2013-09
fallthrough                                   2016-03  =  2016-03
... 已截断 ...
其他宏：
__cplusplus                                   202302L
__GNUG__                                      14
__GNUC_MINOR__                                2
__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__                           0
__STDCPP_FLOAT16_T__                          1
__STDCPP_FLOAT32_T__                          1
... 已截断 ...

缺陷报告

以下行为变更缺陷报告被追溯应用于先前发布的C++标准。

DR 适用范围 发布时的行为 正确行为
P2552R3 C++20 __has_cpp_attribute 必须为标准属性展开为非零值 可展开为 ​ 0 ​

另请参阅

库功能测试宏 (C++20) 定义于头文件 <version>
预定义宏符号
宏符号索引

外部链接

1. 功能测试建议官方文档
2. 输出编译器功能的源代码