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Standard library header <atomic> (C++11)

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C++
Standard library headers

此头文件是 并发支持库 的组成部分。

目录

类

(C++11)
原子类模板及其针对布尔型、整型、 浮点型 (C++20起) 和指针类型的特化
(类模板)
(C++20)
提供对非原子对象的原子操作
(类模板)
(C++11)
无锁布尔原子类型
(类)
(C++11)
定义给定原子操作的内存排序约束
(枚举类型)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < bool >
(类型定义)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < char >
(类型定义)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < signed char >
(typedef)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < unsigned char >
(typedef)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < short >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < unsigned short >
(typedef)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < int >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < unsigned int >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < long >
(类型定义)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < unsigned long >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < long long >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < unsigned long long >
(类型别名)
(C++20)
std:: atomic < char8_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < char16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < char32_t >
(类型定义)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < wchar_t >
(类型定义)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: int8_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: uint8_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: int16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: uint16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: int32_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: uint32_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: int64_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: uint64_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_least8_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_least8_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_least16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_least16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_least32_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_least32_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_least64_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_least64_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_fast8_t >
(typedef)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_fast8_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_fast16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_fast16_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_fast32_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_fast32_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: int_fast64_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uint_fast64_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: intptr_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11) (可选)
std:: atomic < std:: uintptr_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: size_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: ptrdiff_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: intmax_t >
(类型别名)
(C++11)
std:: atomic < std:: uintmax_t >
(类型别名)
(C++20)
无锁且等待/通知操作最高效的有符号整型原子类型
(类型别名)
(C++20)
无锁且等待/通知操作最高效的无符号整型原子类型
(类型别名)

函数

(C++11)
检查原子类型的操作是否无锁
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
以非原子参数原子地替换原子对象的值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
以原子方式获取原子对象中存储的值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
以原子操作将原子对象的值替换为非原子参数，并返回该原子对象的旧值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11) (C++11) (C++11)
以原子方式比较原子对象与非原子参数的值，若相等则执行原子交换，否则执行原子加载
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
将非原子值加到原子对象上并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
从原子对象中减去非原子值并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
用非原子参数的按位与结果替换原子对象，并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
将原子对象替换为与非原子参数进行按位或操作的结果，并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++11)
将原子对象替换为与非原子参数进行按位异或的结果，并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++26) (C++26)
将原子对象替换为与非常量参数进行 std::max 运算的结果，并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++26) (C++26)
将原子对象替换为与 std::min 非原子参数比较的最小值结果，并获取该原子对象的先前值
(函数模板)
(C++20) (C++20)
阻塞线程直至收到通知且原子值发生变化
(函数模板)
(C++20)
通知在 atomic_wait 中阻塞的线程
(函数模板)
(C++20)
通知所有在 atomic_wait 中阻塞的线程
(函数模板)
(C++20) (C++20)
以原子方式返回标志的值
(函数)
(C++11) (C++11)
以原子方式将标志设置为 true 并返回其先前值
(函数)
(C++11) (C++11)
以原子方式将标志值设置为 false
(函数)
(C++20) (C++20)
阻塞线程直至收到通知且标志位改变
(函数)
(C++20)
通知在 atomic_flag_wait 中阻塞的线程
(函数)
(C++20)
通知所有在 atomic_flag_wait 中阻塞的线程
(函数)
(C++11) (deprecated in C++20)
对默认构造的原子对象进行非原子初始化
(函数模板)
(C++11) (C++26 中弃用)
从 std::memory_order_consume 依赖树中移除指定对象
(函数模板)
(C++11)
通用内存顺序相关的栅栏同步原语
(函数)
(C++11)
同一线程内与信号处理函数之间的内存栅栏
(函数)

宏

(C++11) (deprecated in C++20)
静态存储期原子变量的常量初始化
(函数宏)
(C++11)
将 std::atomic_flag 初始化为 false
(宏常量)

概要 

namespace std {
  /* 直至 C++20：
  enum memory_order {
    memory_order_relaxed,
    memory_order_consume,
    memory_order_acquire,
    memory_order_release,
    memory_order_acq_rel,
    memory_order_seq_cst
  };
  */
  enum class memory_order : /* 未指定 */;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_relaxed = memory_order::relaxed;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_consume = memory_order::consume;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acquire = memory_order::获取;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_release = memory_order::release;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acq_rel = memory_order::acq_rel;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_seq_cst = memory_order::seq_cst;
  template<class T>
    T kill_dependency(T y) noexcept;
  // lock-free property
  #define ATOMIC_BOOL_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR8_T_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR16_T_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR32_T_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_WCHAR_T_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_SHORT_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_INT_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_LONG_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  #define ATOMIC_POINTER_LOCK_FREE /* 未指定 */
  // 类模板 atomic_ref
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref;
  // 针对指针的部分特化
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref<T*>;
  // class template atomic
  template<class T> struct atomic;
  // 针对指针的部分特化
  template<class T> struct atomic<T*>;
  // 非成员函数
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_is_lock_free(const volatile atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_is_lock_free(const atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load(const volatile atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load(const atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load_explicit(const volatile atomic<T>*, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load_explicit(const atomic<T>*, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(atomic<T>*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(atomic<T>*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(atomic<T>*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(atomic<T>*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait(const volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait(const atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait_explicit(const volatile atomic<T>*,
                              typename atomic<T>::value_type, memory_order);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait_explicit(const atomic<T>*,
                              typename atomic<T>::value_type, memory_order);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_one(volatile atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_one(atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_all(volatile atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_all(atomic<T>*);
  // 类型别名
  using atomic_bool           = atomic<bool>;
  using atomic_char           = atomic<char>;
  using atomic_schar          = atomic<signed char>;
  using atomic_uchar          = atomic<unsigned char>;
  using atomic_short          = atomic<short>;
  using atomic_ushort         = atomic<unsigned short>;
  using atomic_int            = atomic<int>;
  using atomic_uint           = atomic<unsigned int>;
  using atomic_long           = atomic<long>;
  using atomic_ulong          = atomic<unsigned long>;
  using atomic_llong          = atomic<long long>;
  using atomic_ullong         = atomic<unsigned long long>;
  using atomic_char8_t        = atomic<char8_t>;
  using atomic_char16_t       = atomic<char16_t>;
  using atomic_char32_t       = atomic<char32_t>;
  using atomic_wchar_t        = atomic<wchar_t>;
  using atomic_int8_t         = atomic<int8_t>;
  using atomic_uint8_t        = atomic<uint8_t>;
  using atomic_int16_t        = atomic<int16_t>;
  using atomic_uint16_t       = atomic<uint16_t>;
  using atomic_int32_t        = atomic<int32_t>;
  using atomic_uint32_t       = atomic<uint32_t>;
  using atomic_int64_t        = atomic<int64_t>;
  using atomic_uint64_t       = atomic<uint64_t>;
  using atomic_int_least8_t   = atomic<int_least8_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least8_t  = atomic<uint_least8_t>;
  using atomic_int_least16_t  = atomic<int_least16_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least16_t = atomic<uint_least16_t>;
  using atomic_int_least32_t  = atomic<int_least32_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least32_t = atomic<uint_least32_t>;
  using atomic_int_least64_t  = atomic<int_least64_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least64_t = atomic<uint_least64_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast8_t    = atomic<int_fast8_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast8_t   = atomic<uint_fast8_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast16_t   = atomic<int_fast16_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast16_t  = atomic<uint_fast16_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast32_t   = atomic<int_fast32_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast32_t  = atomic<uint_fast32_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast64_t   = atomic<int_fast64_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast64_t  = atomic<uint_fast64_t>;
  using atomic_intptr_t       = atomic<intptr_t>;
  using atomic_uintptr_t      = atomic<uintptr_t>;
  using atomic_size_t         = atomic<size_t>;
  using atomic_ptrdiff_t      = atomic<ptrdiff_t>;
  using atomic_intmax_t       = atomic<intmax_t>;
  using atomic_uintmax_t      = atomic<uintmax_t>;
  using atomic_signed_lock_free   = /* 查看描述 */;
  using atomic_unsigned_lock_free = /* 查看描述 */;
  // 标志类型与操作
  struct atomic_flag;
  bool atomic_flag_test(const volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test(const atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_explicit(const volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_explicit(const atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear_explicit(atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait(const volatile atomic_flag*, bool) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait(const atomic_flag*, bool) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait_explicit(const volatile atomic_flag*,
                                 bool, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait_explicit(const atomic_flag*,
                                 bool, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_one(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_one(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_all(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_all(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  // 栅栏
  extern "C" void atomic_thread_fence(memory_order) noexcept;
  extern "C" void atomic_signal_fence(memory_order) noexcept;
}
// deprecated
namespace std {
  template<class T>
    void atomic_init(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_init(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  #define ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(value) /* 见描述 */
  #define ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT /* 参见描述 */
}

类模板 std::atomic 

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic {
    using value_type = T;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    // 原子类型操作
    constexpr atomic() noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<T>);
    constexpr atomic(T) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T() const volatile noexcept;
    operator T() const noexcept;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T operator=(T) volatile noexcept;
    T operator=(T) noexcept;
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

std::atomic 针对整数类型的特化版本 

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic</* integral */> {
    using value_type = /* integral */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 由实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(/* integral */) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const volatile noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const noexcept;
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                        memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                        memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++(int) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator|=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator|=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator^=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator^=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    void wait(/* integral */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

std::atomic 针对浮点类型的特化版本 

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic</* 浮点型 */> {
    using value_type = /* 浮点类型 */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 由实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(/* 浮点型 */) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
    void store(/* 浮点型 */,
               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(/* 浮点型 */,
               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ operator=(/* 浮点型 */) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ operator=(/* 浮点型 */) noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    operator /* 浮点型 */() volatile noexcept;
    operator /* 浮点型 */() noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ exchange(/* 浮点类型 */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ exchange(/* 浮点型 */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 浮点型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 浮点型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 浮点型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 浮点型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 浮点型 */&, /* 浮点型 */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ fetch_add(/* 浮点类型 */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ fetch_add(/* 浮点型 */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ fetch_sub(/* 浮点型 */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ fetch_sub(/* 浮点型 */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ operator+=(/* 浮点型 */) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ operator+=(/* 浮点类型 */) noexcept;
    /* 浮点型 */ operator-=(/* 浮点型 */) volatile noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ operator-=(/* 浮点型 */) noexcept;
    void wait(/* 浮点类型 */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(/* 浮点类型 */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

std::atomic 针对指针类型的特化 

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic<T*> {
    using value_type = T*;
    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 由实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(T*) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T*() const volatile noexcept;
    operator T*() const noexcept;
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator++(int) noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) noexcept;
    T* operator++() volatile noexcept;
    T* operator++() noexcept;
    T* operator--() volatile noexcept;
    T* operator--() noexcept;
    T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
    T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

类模板 std:: atomic_ref 

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref {
  private:
    T* ptr;             // 仅用于说明
  public:
    using value_type = T;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* 实现定义 */;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    explicit atomic_ref(T&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T operator=(T) const noexcept;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T() const noexcept;
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

针对整数类型的 std:: atomic_ref 特化 

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic_ref</* 整型类型 */> {
  private:
    /* 整型类型 */* ptr;        // 仅用于说明
  public:
    using value_type = /* 整型类型 */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* 实现定义 */;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    explicit atomic_ref(/* 整型类型 */&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
    void store(/* 整型类型 */, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator=(/* 整型类型 */) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* 整型类型 */() const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ exchange(/* 整型类型 */,
                      memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 整型类型 */&, /* 整型类型 */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 整型类型 */&, /* 整型类型 */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 整型类型 */&, /* 整型类型 */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 整型类型 */&, /* 整型类型 */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_add(/* 整型类型 */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_sub(/* 整型类型 */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_and(/* 整型类型 */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_or(/* 整型类型 */,
                      memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_xor(/* 整型类型 */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_max(/* 整型类型 */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ fetch_min(/* 整型类型 */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator++(int) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator--(int) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator++() const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator--() const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator+=(/* 整型类型 */) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator-=(/* 整型类型 */) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator&=(/* 整型类型 */) const noexcept;
    /* 整型类型 */ operator

std:: atomic_ref 针对浮点类型的特化版本 

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic_ref</* 浮点类型 */> {
  private:
    /* 浮点类型 */* ptr;  // 仅用于说明
  public:
    using value_type = /* 浮点类型 */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* 实现定义 */;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    explicit atomic_ref(/* 浮点类型 */&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
    void store(/* 浮点类型 */, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ operator=(/* 浮点类型 */) const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* 浮点类型 */() const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ exchange(/* 浮点类型 */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点类型 */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点类型 */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点类型 */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* 浮点类型 */&, /* 浮点类型 */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ fetch_add(/* 浮点类型 */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ fetch_sub(/* 浮点类型 */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ operator+=(/* 浮点类型 */) const noexcept;
    /* 浮点类型 */ operator-=(/* 浮点类型 */) const noexcept;
    void wait(/* 浮点类型 */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

std:: atomic_ref 针对指针类型的特化版本 

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref<T*> {
  private:
    T** ptr;        // 仅用于说明
  public:
    using value_type = T*;
    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* 实现定义 */;
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* 实现定义 */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
    explicit atomic_ref(T*&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) const noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T*() const noexcept;
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_add(difference_type, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(difference_type, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T *, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T *, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* operator++(int) const noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) const noexcept;
    T* operator++() const noexcept;
    T* operator--() const noexcept;
    T* operator+=(difference_type) const noexcept;
    T* operator-=(difference_type) const noexcept;
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

类 std::atomic_flag 

namespace std {
  struct atomic_flag {
    constexpr atomic_flag() noexcept;
    atomic_flag(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) volatile = delete;
    bool test(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    bool test(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool test_and_set(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool test_and_set(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    void clear(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void clear(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    void wait(bool, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(bool, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}