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std::ranges:: find_last, std::ranges:: find_last_if, std::ranges:: find_last_if_not

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
Batch operations
(C++17)
Search operations
Modifying sequence operations
Copy operations
(C++11)
(C++11)
Swap operations
Transformation operations
Generation operations
Removing operations
Order-changing operations
(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
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C library
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Operations on uninitialized memory
Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
(1)
template < std:: forward_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class T,
class Proj = std:: identity >
requires std:: indirect_binary_predicate
< ranges:: equal_to , std :: projected < I, Proj > , const T * >
constexpr ranges:: subrange < I >

find_last ( I first, S last, const T & value, Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template < std:: forward_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class Proj = std:: identity ,
class T = std :: projected_value_t < I, Proj > >
requires std:: indirect_binary_predicate
< ranges:: equal_to , std :: projected < I, Proj > , const T * >
constexpr ranges:: subrange < I >

find_last ( I first, S last, const T & value, Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++26 起)
(2)
template < ranges:: forward_range R,

class T,
class Proj = std:: identity >
requires std:: indirect_binary_predicate
< ranges:: equal_to ,
std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R > , Proj > , const T * >
constexpr ranges:: borrowed_subrange_t < R >

find_last ( R && r, const T & value, Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template < ranges:: forward_range R,

class Proj = std:: identity ,
class T = std :: projected_value_t < iterator_t < R > , Proj > >
requires std:: indirect_binary_predicate
< ranges:: equal_to ,
std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R > , Proj > , const T * >
constexpr ranges:: borrowed_subrange_t < R >

find_last ( R && r, const T & value, Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++26 起)
template < std:: forward_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class Proj = std:: identity ,
std:: indirect_unary_predicate < std :: projected < I, Proj >> Pred >
constexpr ranges:: subrange < I >

find_last_if ( I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = { } ) ;
(3) (C++23 起)

返回范围 [ first , last ) 中满足特定条件的最后一个元素:

1) find_last 搜索与 value 相等的元素。
3) find_last_if 在范围 [ first , last ) 中搜索最后一个使谓词 pred 返回 true 的元素。
5) find_last_if_not 在范围 [ first , last ) 中搜索最后一个使谓词 pred 返回 false 的元素。
2,4,6) (1,3,5) 相同,但使用 r 作为源范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first 以及 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待检验元素范围的 区间 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待检验元素的范围
value - 用于与元素比较的值
pred - 应用于投影元素的谓词
proj - 应用于元素的投影

返回值

1,3,5) i 为范围 [ first , last ) 中满足 E true 的最后一个迭代器。
返回 ranges:: subrange < I > { i, last } ,若未找到对应迭代器则返回 ranges:: subrange < I > { last, last }
1) E bool ( std:: invoke ( proj, * i ) == value )
3) E bool ( std:: invoke ( pred, std:: invoke ( proj, * i ) ) )
5) E bool ( ! std:: invoke ( pred, std:: invoke ( proj, * i ) ) )
2,4,6) (1,3,5) 相同,但返回类型为 ranges:: borrowed_subrange_t < I >

复杂度

最多 last - first 次谓词和投影函数的应用。

注释

ranges::find_last ranges::find_last_if ranges::find_last_if_not 在常见实现中具有更高效率,前提是 I 满足 bidirectional_iterator 或(更优) random_access_iterator 概念。

功能测试 标准 功能
__cpp_lib_ranges_find_last 202207L (C++23) ranges::find_last ,
ranges::find_last_if ,
ranges::find_last_if_not
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type 202403L (C++26) 列表初始化 用于算法 ( 1,2 )

可能的实现

这些实现仅展示当 I 建模为 forward_iterator 时所使用的较慢算法。

find_last (1,2)
struct find_last_fn
{
    template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Proj = std::identity,
             class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
    requires std::indirect_binary_predicate
                 <ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
    constexpr ranges::subrange<I>
        operator()(I first, S last, const T &value, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        // 注意:若 I 仅为前向迭代器,我们只能从起始遍历到末尾
        std::optional<I> found;
        for (; first != last; ++first)
            if (std::invoke(proj, *first) == value)
                found = first;
        if (!found)
            return {first, first};
        return {*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};
    }
    template<ranges::forward_range R,
             class Proj = std::identity,
             class T = std::projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
    requires std::indirect_binary_predicate
                 <ranges::equal_to,
                  std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, const T &value, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value, std::ref(proj));
    }
};
inline constexpr find_last_fn find_last;
find_last_if (3,4)
struct find_last_if_fn
{
    template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
    constexpr ranges::subrange<I>
        operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        // 注意:若 I 仅为前向迭代器,我们只能从起始遍历到末尾
        std::optional<I> found;
        for (; first != last; ++first)
            if (std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first)))
                found = first;
        if (!found)
            return {first, first};
        return {*found, std::ranges::next(*found, last)};
    }
    template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_unary_predicate
                 <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return this->operator()<span class="

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <forward_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string_view>
int main()
{
    namespace ranges = std::ranges;
    constexpr static auto v = {1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2};
    {
        constexpr auto i1 = ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
        constexpr auto i2 = ranges::find_last(v, 3);
        static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin()) == 5);
        static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin()) == 5);
    }
    {
        constexpr auto i1 = ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), -3);
        constexpr auto i2 = ranges::find_last(v, -3);
        static_assert(i1.begin() == v.end());
        static_assert(i2.begin() == v.end());
    }
    auto abs = [](int x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; };
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == 3; };
        constexpr auto i1 = ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin()) == 5);
        static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin()) == 5);
    }
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == -3; };
        constexpr auto i1 = ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(i1.begin() == v.end());
        static_assert(i2.begin() == v.end());
    }
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == 1 or x == 2; };
        constexpr auto i1 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin()) == 5);
        static_assert(ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin()) == 5);
    }
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == 1 or x == 2 or x 

参见

在特定范围中查找元素的最后序列
(算法函数对象)
查找满足特定条件的首个元素
(算法函数对象)
搜索元素范围的首次出现
(算法函数对象)
若一个序列是另一个序列的子序列则返回 true
(算法函数对象)
判断元素是否存在于部分有序范围中
(算法函数对象)
检查范围是否包含给定元素或子范围
(算法函数对象)