std:: find_first_of

在范围 [ first , last ) 中搜索范围 [ s_first , s_last ) 中的任何元素。

参数

返回值

指向范围 [ first , last ) 中首个与范围 [ s_first , s_last ) 内元素相等的元素的迭代器。

如果 [ s_first , s_last ) 为空范围或未找到对应元素，则返回 last 。

复杂度

给定 \(\scriptsize N\) N 为 std:: distance ( first, last ) 且 \(\scriptsize S\) S 为 std:: distance ( s_first, s_last ) ：

异常

带有名为 ExecutionPolicy 模板参数的重载按以下方式报告错误：

• 如果作为算法一部分调用的函数执行抛出异常，且 ExecutionPolicy 是某个 标准策略 ，则调用 std::terminate 。对于任何其他 ExecutionPolicy ，其行为由实现定义。
• 如果算法无法分配内存，则抛出 std::bad_alloc 。

可能的实现

template<class InputIt, class ForwardIt>
InputIt find_first_of(InputIt first, InputIt last,
                      ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first)
        for (ForwardIt it = s_first; it != s_last; ++it)
            if (*first == *it)
                return first;
    return last;
}

template<class InputIt, class ForwardIt, class BinaryPred>
InputIt find_first_of(InputIt first, InputIt last,
                      ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last,
                      BinaryPred p)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first)
        for (ForwardIt it = s_first; it != s_last; ++it)
            if (p(*first, *it))
                return first;
    return last;
}

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
auto print_sequence = [](const auto id, const auto& seq, int pos = -1)
{
    std::cout << id << "{ ";
    for (int i{}; auto const& e : seq)
    {
        const bool mark{i == pos};
        std::cout << (i++ ? ", " : "");
        std::cout << (mark ? "[ " : "") << e << (mark ? " ]" : "");
    {
    std::cout << " }\n";
};
int main()
{
    const std::vector<int> v{0, 2, 3, 25, 5};
    const auto t1 = {19, 10, 3, 4};
    const auto t2 = {1, 6, 7, 9};
    auto find_any_of = [](const auto& v, const auto& t)
    {
        const auto result = std::find_first_of(v.begin(), v.end(),
                                               t.begin(), t.end());
        if (result == v.end())
        {
            std::cout << "No elements of v are equal to any element of ";
            print_sequence("t = ", t);
            print_sequence("v = ", v);
        }
        else
        {
            const auto pos = std::distance(v.begin(), result);
            std::cout << "Found a match (" << *result << ") at position " << pos;
            print_sequence(", where t = ", t);
            print_sequence("v = ", v, pos);
        }
    };
    find_any_of(v, t1);
    find_any_of(v, t2);
}

Found a match (3) at position 2, where t = { 19, 10, 3, 4 }
v = { 0, 2, [ 3 ], 25, 5 }
No elements of v are equal to any element of t = { 1, 6, 7, 9 }
v = { 0, 2, 3, 25, 5 }

缺陷报告

下列行为变更缺陷报告被追溯应用于先前发布的 C++ 标准。

参见