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std::ranges:: find_first_of

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
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(C++17)
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(C++11)
(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
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(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
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C library
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Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: input_iterator I1, std:: sentinel_for < I1 > S1,

std:: forward_iterator I2, std:: sentinel_for < I2 > S2,
class Pred = ranges:: equal_to ,
class Proj1 = std:: identity ,
class Proj2 = std:: identity >
requires std:: indirectly_comparable < I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2 >
constexpr I1
find_first_of ( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
template < ranges:: input_range R1, ranges:: forward_range R2,

class Pred = ranges:: equal_to ,
class Proj1 = std:: identity ,
class Proj2 = std:: identity >
requires std:: indirectly_comparable < ranges:: iterator_t < R1 > ,
ranges:: iterator_t < R2 > ,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2 >
constexpr ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R1 >
find_first_of ( R1 && r1, R2 && r2, Pred pred = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(2) (C++20 起)
1) 在分别使用 proj1 proj2 对范围进行投影后,在范围 [ first1 , last1 ) 中搜索范围 [ first2 , last2 ) 中的 任意 元素。投影后的元素使用二元谓词 pred 进行比较。
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r1 作为第一源范围, r2 作为第二源范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r1 ) 作为 first1 ranges:: end ( r1 ) 作为 last1 ranges:: begin ( r2 ) 作为 first2 ,以及 ranges:: end ( r2 ) 作为 last2

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first1, last1 - 定义待检查元素范围的迭代器-哨位对(称为 haystack
first2, last2 - 定义待查找元素范围的迭代器-哨位对(称为 needles
r1 - 待检查的元素范围(称为 haystack
r2 - 待查找的元素范围(称为 needles
pred - 用于比较元素的二元谓词
proj1 - 应用于第一个范围元素的投影器
proj2 - 应用于第二个范围元素的投影器

返回值

指向范围 [ first1 , last1 ) 中首个元素的迭代器,该元素在投影后与范围 [ first2 , last2 ) 中的某个元素相等。若未找到此类元素,则返回与 last1 相等的迭代器。

复杂度

最多应用谓词和每个投影 S * N 次,其中
(1) S = ranges:: distance ( first2, last2 ) N = ranges:: distance ( first1, last1 )
(2) S = ranges:: distance ( r2 ) N = ranges:: distance ( r1 )

可能的实现

struct find_first_of_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity,
             class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr I1 operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                            Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        for (; first1 != last1; ++first1)
            for (auto i = first2; i != last2; ++i)
                if (std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj1, *first1), std::invoke(proj2, *i)))
                    return first1;
        return first1;
    }
    template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity,
             class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
                                        ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                                        Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
        operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2),
                       std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
    }
};
inline constexpr find_first_of_fn find_first_of {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
int main()
{
    namespace rng = std::ranges;
    constexpr static auto haystack = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    constexpr static auto needles  = {0, 3, 4, 3};
    constexpr auto found1 = rng::find_first_of(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
                                               needles.begin(), needles.end());
    static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found1) == 2);
    constexpr auto found2 = rng::find_first_of(haystack, needles);
    static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found2) == 2);
    constexpr static auto negatives = {-6, -3, -4, -3};
    constexpr auto not_found = rng::find_first_of(haystack, negatives);
    static_assert(not_found == haystack.end());
    constexpr auto found3 = rng::find_first_of(haystack, negatives,
        [](int x, int y) { return x == -y; }); // 使用二元比较器
    static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found3) == 2);
    struct P { int x, y; };
    constexpr static auto p1 = {P{1, -1}, P{2, -2}, P{3, -3}, P{4, -4}};
    constexpr static auto p2 = {P{5, -5}, P{6, -3}, P{7, -5}, P{8, -3}};
    // 通过投影仅比较 P::y 数据成员:
    const auto found4 = rng::find_first_of(p1, p2, {}, &P::y, &P::y);
    std::cout << "首个等效元素 {" << found4->x << ", " << found4->y
              << "} 位于位置 " << std::distance(p1.begin(), found4)
              << "。\n";
}

输出:

首个等效元素 {3, -3} 位于位置 2。

参见

搜索一组元素中的任意一个
(函数模板)
查找首个相邻的相等元素(或满足给定谓词的元素)
(算法函数对象)
查找首个满足特定条件的元素
(算法函数对象)
在特定范围内查找元素的最后序列
(算法函数对象)
搜索元素范围的首次出现
(算法函数对象)
在范围内搜索连续多次出现的元素的首次出现
(算法函数对象)