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std::ranges:: fold_left_first

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
Batch operations
(C++17)
Search operations
Modifying sequence operations
Copy operations
(C++11)
(C++11)
Swap operations
Transformation operations
Generation operations
Removing operations
Order-changing operations
(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Lexicographical comparison operations
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C library
Numeric operations
Operations on uninitialized memory
Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
(C++23)
fold_left_first
(C++23)
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: input_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ < std:: iter_value_t < I > , I > F >
requires std:: constructible_from < std:: iter_value_t < I > , std:: iter_reference_t < I >>
constexpr auto

fold_left_first ( I first, S last, F f ) ;
(1) (C++23 起)
template < ranges:: input_range R,

/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ <
ranges:: range_value_t < R > , ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >
requires std:: constructible_from <
ranges:: range_value_t < R > , ranges:: range_reference_t < R >>
constexpr auto

fold_left_first ( R && r, F f ) ;
(2) (C++23 起)
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ = /* see description */ ;
(3) ( 仅用于说明* )

对给定范围的元素进行左 折叠 ,即返回链式表达式的求值结果:
f(f(f(f(x 1 , x 2 ), x 3 ), ...), x n ) ,其中 x 1 x 2 、...、 x n 是范围的元素。

非正式地说, ranges::fold_left_first 的行为类似于接受二元谓词的 std::accumulate 重载版本,区别在于其内部使用 * first 作为初始元素。

如果 [ first , last ) 不是有效范围,则行为未定义。

1) 范围是 [ first , last ) 。等价于 return ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter ( std :: move ( first ) , last, f ) . value
2) (1) 相同,区别在于使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last
3) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I, class U >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ =
std:: movable < T > &&
std:: movable < U > &&
std:: convertible_to < T, U > &&
std:: invocable < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: assignable_from < U & ,

std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>> ;
(3A) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ =
std:: copy_constructible < F > &&
std:: indirectly_readable < I > &&
std:: invocable < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: convertible_to < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> ,
std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> &&
/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ < F, T, I,

std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> ;
(3B) ( 仅用于说明* )

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待折叠元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待折叠的元素范围
f - 二元函数对象

返回值

一个类型为 std:: optional < U > 的对象,其中包含对给定范围进行左 折叠 操作的结果,其中 U 等价于 decltype ( ranges:: fold_left ( std :: move ( first ) , last, std:: iter_value_t < I > ( * first ) , f ) )

如果范围为空,则返回 std:: optional < U > ( )

可能的实现

struct fold_left_first_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/<std::iter_value_t<I>, I> F>
    requires
        std::constructible_from<std::iter_value_t<I>, std::iter_reference_t<I>>
    constexpr auto operator()(I first, S last, F f) const
    {
        using U = decltype(
            ranges::fold_left(std::move(first), last, std::iter_value_t<I>(*first), f)
        );
        if (first == last)
            return std::optional<U>();
        std::optional<U> init(std::in_place, *first);
        for (++first; first != last; ++first)
            *init = std::invoke(f, std::move(*init), *first);
        return std::move(init);
    }
    template<ranges::input_range R,
             /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/<
                 ranges::range_value_t<R>, ranges::iterator_t<R>> F>
    requires
        std::constructible_from<ranges::range_value_t<R>, ranges::range_reference_t<R>>
    constexpr auto operator()(R&& r, F f) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(f));
    }
};
inline constexpr fold_left_first_fn fold_left_first;

复杂度

恰好应用函数对象 f ranges:: distance ( first, last ) - 1 次(假设范围非空)。

注释

以下表格对比了所有受约束折叠算法:

折叠函数模板 起始方向 初始值 返回类型
ranges:: fold_left 左端 init U
ranges :: fold_left_first 左端 首元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_right 右端 init U
ranges:: fold_right_last 右端 末元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_left_with_iter 左端 init

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, U >

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, U > ,

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter 左端 首元素

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, std:: optional < U >>

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, std:: optional < U >>

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

功能测试 标准 功能
__cpp_lib_ranges_fold 202207L (C++23) std::ranges 折叠算法

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <functional>
#include <ranges>
#include <utility>
int main()
{
    constexpr std::array v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    static_assert
    (
        *std::ranges::fold_left_first(v.begin(), v.end(), std::plus{}) == 36
        && *std::ranges::fold_left_first(v, std::multiplies{}) == 40320
    );
    constexpr std::array w
    {
        1, 2, 3, 4, 13,
        1, 2, 3, 4, 13,
        1, 2, 3, 4, 13,
        1, 2, 3, 4,
    };
    static_assert
    (
        "查找唯一(根据前提条件)出现奇数次的数值:"
        && *std::ranges::fold_left_first(w, [](int p, int q){ return p ^ q; }) == 13
    );
    constexpr auto pairs = std::to_array<std::pair<char, float>>
    ({
        {'A', 3.0f},
        {'B', 3.5f},
        {'C', 4.0f}
    });
    static_assert
    (
        "获取 pairs 中所有 pair::second 的乘积:"
        && *std::ranges::fold_left_first
        (
            pairs | std::ranges::views::values, std::multiplies{}
        ) == 42
    );
}

参考文献

  • C++23 标准 (ISO/IEC 14882:2024):
  • 27.6.18 折叠算法 [alg.fold]

参见

对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行右折叠
(算法函数对象)
使用最后一个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行右折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器, 值)
(算法函数对象)
使用第一个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器, optional )
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行求和或折叠
(函数模板)
(C++17)
类似于 std::accumulate ,但无序执行
(函数模板)