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std::ranges:: binary_search

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
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Non-modifying sequence operations
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(C++11)
(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
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(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
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(on partitioned ranges)
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C library
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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
(1)
template < std:: forward_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class T, class Proj = std:: identity ,
std:: indirect_strict_weak_order
< const T * , std :: projected < I, Proj >> Comp = ranges:: less >
constexpr bool binary_search ( I first, S last, const T & value,

Comp comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++20 起)
(C++26 前)
template < std:: forward_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class Proj = std:: identity ,
class T = std :: projected_value_t < I, Proj > ,
std:: indirect_strict_weak_order
< const T * , std :: projected < I, Proj >> Comp = ranges:: less >
constexpr bool binary_search ( I first, S last, const T & value,

Comp comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++26 起)
(2)
template < ranges:: forward_range R,

class T, class Proj = std:: identity ,
std:: indirect_strict_weak_order
< const T * , std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R > ,
Proj >> Comp = ranges:: less >
constexpr bool binary_search ( R && r, const T & value,

Comp comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++20 起)
(C++26 前)
template < ranges:: forward_range R,

class Proj = std:: identity ,
class T = std :: projected_value_t < ranges:: iterator_t < R > , Proj > ,
std:: indirect_strict_weak_order
< const T * , std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R > ,
Proj >> Comp = ranges:: less >
constexpr bool binary_search ( R && r, const T & value,

Comp comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++26 起)
1) 检查在范围 [ first , last ) 内是否存在与 value 等价的投影元素。
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r 作为源范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,以及 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last

为使 ranges::binary_search 成功执行,范围 [ first , last ) 必须相对于 value 至少部分有序,即必须满足以下所有要求:

完全排序的范围需满足以下条件。

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待检验元素范围的 迭代器-哨位
r - 待检验的元素范围
value - 用于与元素比较的值
comp - 应用于投影元素的比较函数
proj - 应用于元素的投影

返回值

如果找到等于 value 的元素则返回 true ,否则返回 false

复杂度

执行的比较和投影次数与 first last 之间的距离成对数关系(最多进行 log 2 (last - first) + O(1) 次比较和投影)。然而,对于不满足 std::random_access_iterator 要求的迭代器-哨位对,迭代器递增次数是线性的。

注释

std::ranges::binary_search 在找到投影值等于 value 的元素时不会返回指向该元素的迭代器。若需要获取迭代器,应改用 std::ranges::lower_bound

功能测试 标准 功能
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type 202403 (C++26) 列表初始化 用于算法 ( 1,2 )

可能的实现

struct binary_search_fn
{
    template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Proj = std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
    constexpr bool operator()(I first, S last, const T& value,
                              Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        auto x = ranges::lower_bound(first, last, value, comp, proj);
        return (!(x == last) && !(std::invoke(comp, value, std::invoke(proj, *x))));
    }
    template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity,
             class T = std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,
                                           Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
    constexpr bool operator()(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value,
                       std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
    }
};
inline constexpr binary_search_fn binary_search;

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <complex>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <vector>
int main()
{
    constexpr static auto haystack = {1, 3, 4, 5, 9};
    static_assert(std::ranges::is_sorted(haystack));
    for (const int needle : std::views::iota(1)
                          | std::views::take(3))
    {
        std::cout << "正在搜索 " << needle << ": ";
        std::ranges::binary_search(haystack, needle)
            ? std::cout << "找到 " << needle << '\n'
            : std::cout << "未找到!\n";
    }
    using CD = std::complex<double>;
    std::vector<CD> nums{{1, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 2}, {4, 3}};
    auto cmpz = [](CD x, CD y){ return abs(x) < abs(y); };
    #ifdef __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type
        assert(std::ranges::binary_search(nums, {4, 2}, cmpz));
    #else
        assert(std::ranges::binary_search(nums, CD{4, 2}, cmpz));
    #endif
}

输出:

正在搜索 1: 找到 1
正在搜索 2: 未找到!
正在搜索 3: 找到 3

参见

返回匹配特定键的元素范围
(算法函数对象)
返回指向第一个不小于给定值的元素的迭代器
(算法函数对象)
返回指向第一个大于某值的元素的迭代器
(算法函数对象)
检查范围是否包含给定元素或子范围
(算法函数对象)
确定元素是否存在于部分有序范围中
(函数模板)