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std::ranges:: unique

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
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(C++11)
(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
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(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
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(on partitioned ranges)
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C library
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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: permutable I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S, class Proj = std:: identity ,

std:: indirect_equivalence_relation < std :: projected < I, Proj >>
C = ranges:: equal_to >
constexpr ranges:: subrange < I >

unique ( I first, S last, C comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
template < ranges:: forward_range R, class Proj = std:: identity ,

std:: indirect_equivalence_relation < std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R > , Proj >>
C = ranges:: equal_to >
requires std:: permutable < ranges:: iterator_t < R >>
constexpr ranges:: borrowed_subrange_t < R >

unique ( R && r, C comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(2) (C++20 起)
1) 从范围 [ first , last ) 中消除每组连续等价元素中除首元素外的所有元素,并返回子范围 [ ret , last ) ,其中 ret 是新区间末尾的后端迭代器。
当满足 std:: invoke ( comp, std:: invoke ( proj, * ( i - 1 ) ) , std:: invoke ( proj, * i ) ) == true 时,两个连续元素 *(i - 1) *i 被视为等价,其中 i 是范围 [ first + 1 , last ) 内的迭代器。
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待处理元素范围的 区间 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待处理的元素范围
comp - 用于比较投影元素的二元谓词
proj - 应用于元素的投影

返回值

返回 { ret, last } ,其中 ret 是指向范围新末尾的尾后迭代器。

复杂度

对于非空范围,恰好需要 ranges:: distance ( first, last ) - 1 次对应谓词 comp 的应用,以及不超过任何投影 proj 应用次数的两倍。

注释

移除操作通过(借助移动赋值)移动区间内的元素来实现,使得不需要被移除的元素出现在区间的起始位置。保留元素的相对顺序保持不变,且容器的 物理 大小不变。位于 [ ret , last ) 区间内的迭代器(如果存在)仍然可解引用,但元素本身具有未指定的值(符合 MoveAssignable 的后置条件)。

ranges::unique 的调用有时会紧随容器 erase 成员函数的调用,该操作会擦除未指定的值并将容器的 物理 大小缩减至与其新 逻辑 大小相匹配。这两个调用共同实现了 擦除-删除 惯用法

可能的实现

struct unique_fn
{
    template<std::permutable I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_equivalence_relation<std::projected<I, Proj>>
                 C = ranges::equal_to>
    constexpr ranges::subrange<I>
        operator()(I first, S last, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        first = ranges::adjacent_find(first, last, comp, proj);
        if (first == last)
            return {first, first};
        auto i {first};
        ++first;
        while (++first != last)
            if (!std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, *i), std::invoke(proj, *first)))
                *++i = ranges::iter_move(first);
        return {++i, first};
    }
    template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_equivalence_relation<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
                 C = ranges::equal_to>
    requires std::permutable<ranges::iterator_t<R>>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r),
                       std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
    }
};
inline constexpr unique_fn unique {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
struct id {
    int i;
    explicit id(int i) : i {i} {}
};
void print(id i, const auto& v)
{
    std::cout << i.i << ") ";
    std::ranges::for_each(v, [](auto const& e) { std::cout << e << ' '; });
    std::cout << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    // 包含多个重复元素的向量
    std::vector<int> v {1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 4};
    print(id {1}, v);
    // 移除连续(相邻)重复元素
    const auto ret = std::ranges::unique(v);
    // v 现在包含 {1 2 1 3 4 5 4 x x x},其中 'x' 为不确定值
    v.erase(ret.begin(), ret.end());
    print(id {2}, v);
    // 排序后执行 unique,以移除所有重复项
    std::ranges::sort(v); // {1 1 2 3 4 4 5}
    print(id {3}, v);
    const auto [first, last] = std::ranges::unique(v.begin(), v.end());
    // v 现在包含 {1 2 3 4 5 x x},其中 'x' 为不确定值
    v.erase(first, last);
    print(id {4}, v);
    // 使用自定义比较和投影的 unique
    std::vector<std::complex<int>> vc { {1, 1}, {-1, 2}, {-2, 3}, {2, 4}, {-3, 5} };
    print(id {5}, vc);
    const auto ret2 = std::ranges::unique(vc,
        // 若两个复数的实部模相等则视为相等:
        [](int x, int y) { return std::abs(x) == std::abs(y); }, // comp
        [](std::complex<int> z) { return z.real(); }             // proj
    );
    vc.erase(ret2.begin(), ret2.end());
    print(id {6}, vc);
}

输出:

1) 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 4
2) 1 2 1 3 4 5 4
3) 1 1 2 3 4 4 5
4) 1 2 3 4 5
5) (1,1) (-1,2) (-2,3) (2,4) (-3,5)
6) (1,1) (-2,3) (-3,5)

参见

创建不包含连续重复元素的区间副本
(算法函数对象)
查找前两个相等的相邻元素(或满足给定谓词的相邻元素)
(算法函数对象)
移除满足特定条件的元素
(算法函数对象)
移除区间中的连续重复元素
(函数模板)
移除连续重复元素
( std::list<T,Allocator> 的公开成员函数)
移除连续重复元素
( std::forward_list<T,Allocator> 的公开成员函数)