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std::ranges:: unique_copy, std::ranges:: unique_copy_result

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
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(C++17)

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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: input_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S, std:: weakly_incrementable O,

class Proj = std:: identity ,
std:: indirect_equivalence_relation < std :: projected < I, Proj >>
C = ranges:: equal_to >
requires std:: indirectly_copyable < I, O > && ( std:: forward_iterator < I > ||
( std:: input_iterator < O > && std:: same_as < std:: iter_value_t < I > ,
std:: iter_value_t < O >> ) || std:: indirectly_copyable_storable < I, O > )
constexpr unique_copy_result < I, O >

unique_copy ( I first, S last, O result, C comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
(2) (C++20 起)
辅助类型
template < class I, class O >
using unique_copy_result = ranges:: in_out_result < I, O > ;
(3) (C++20 起)
1) 将源范围 [ first , last ) 中的元素复制到以 result 开始的目标范围,确保不存在连续相等的元素。仅复制每组相等元素中的第一个元素。
区间 [ first , last ) [ result , result + N ) 不得重叠。 N = ranges:: distance ( first, last )
两个连续元素 * ( i - 1 ) * i 被视为等价的条件是: std:: invoke ( comp, std:: invoke ( proj, * ( i - 1 ) ) , std:: invoke ( proj, * i ) ) == true ,其中 i 是位于区间 [ first + 1 , last ) 内的迭代器。
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待处理元素源 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 元素的源范围
result - 元素的目标范围
comp - 用于比较投影元素的二元谓词
proj - 应用于元素的投影

返回值

{ last, result + N }

复杂度

恰好需要 N - 1 次对应谓词 comp 的应用,且任何投影 proj 的应用次数不超过其两倍。

可能的实现

另请参阅 libstdc++ MSVC STL (以及第三方库: cmcstl2 NanoRange range-v3 )中的实现。

struct unique_copy_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O,
             class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_equivalence_relation<std::projected<I,
                 Proj>> C = ranges::equal_to>
    requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> && (std::forward_iterator<I> ||
                 (std::input_iterator<O> && std::same_as<std::iter_value_t<I>,
                     std::iter_value_t<O>>) || std::indirectly_copyable_storable<I, O>)
    constexpr ranges::unique_copy_result<I, O>
        operator()(I first, S last, O result, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        if (!(first == last))
        {
            std::iter_value_t<I> value = *first;
            *result = value;
            ++result;
            while (!(++first == last))
            {
                auto&& value2 = *first;
                if (!std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, value2),
                        std::invoke(proj, value)))
                {
                    value = std::forward<decltype(value2)>(value2);
                    *result = value;
                    ++result;
                }
            }
        }
        return {std::move(first), std::move(result)};
    }
    template<ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O,
             class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_equivalence_relation<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,
                 Proj>> C = ranges::equal_to>
    requires std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> &&
                 (std::forward_iterator<ranges::iterator_t<R>> ||
                 (std::input_iterator<O> && std::same_as<ranges::range_value_t<R>,
                     std::iter_value_t<O>>) ||
                 std::indirectly_copyable_storable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O>)
    constexpr ranges::unique_copy_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        operator()(R&& r, O result, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(result),
                       std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
    }
};
inline constexpr unique_copy_fn unique_copy {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
void print(const auto& rem, const auto& v)
{
    using V = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(v)>;
    constexpr bool sep{std::is_same_v<typename V::value_type, int>};
    std::cout << rem << std::showpos;
    for (const auto& e : v)
        std::cout << e << (sep ? " " : "");
    std::cout << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    std::string s1{"The      string    with many       spaces!"};
    print("s1: ", s1);
    std::string s2;
    std::ranges::unique_copy(
        s1.begin(), s1.end(), std::back_inserter(s2),
        [](char c1, char c2) { return c1 == ' ' && c2 == ' '; }
    );
    print("s2: ", s2);
    const auto v1 = {-1, +1, +2, -2, -3, +3, -3};
    print("v1: ", v1);
    std::list<int> v2;
    std::ranges::unique_copy(
        v1, std::back_inserter(v2),
        {}, // 默认比较器 std::ranges::equal_to
        [](int x) { return std::abs(x); } // 投影函数
    );
    print("v2: ", v2);
}

输出:

s1: The      string    with many       spaces!
s2: The string with many spaces!
v1: -1 +1 +2 -2 -3 +3 -3 
v2: -1 +2 -3

参见

移除范围中连续的重复元素
(算法函数对象)
将元素范围复制到新位置
(算法函数对象)
查找首个相等的相邻元素(或满足给定谓词的相邻元素)
(算法函数对象)
创建不包含连续重复元素的区间副本
(函数模板)