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std::ranges:: merge, std::ranges:: merge_result

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Algorithm library
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Sorting and related operations
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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: input_iterator I1, std:: sentinel_for < I1 > S1,

std:: input_iterator I2, std:: sentinel_for < I2 > S2,
std:: weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges:: less ,
class Proj1 = std:: identity , class Proj2 = std:: identity >
requires std:: mergeable < I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2 >
constexpr merge_result < I1, I2, O >
merge ( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result, Comp comp = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
template < ranges:: input_range R1, ranges:: input_range R2,

std:: weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges:: less ,
class Proj1 = std:: identity , class Proj2 = std:: identity >
requires std:: mergeable < ranges:: iterator_t < R1 > , ranges:: iterator_t < R2 > ,
O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2 >
constexpr merge_result < ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R1 > ,
ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R2 > , O >
merge ( R1 && r1, R2 && r2, O result, Comp comp = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(2) (C++20 起)
辅助类型
template < class I1, class I2, class O >
using merge_result = ranges:: in_in_out_result < I1, I2, O > ;
(3) (C++20 起)

将两个 已排序 范围 [ [ first1 , last1 ) [ first2 , last2 ) 合并为一个从 result 开始的 已排序 范围。

若对于任何指向序列的迭代器 it 和任何非负整数 n ,当 it + n 是指向序列元素的有效迭代器时, std:: invoke ( comp, std:: invoke ( proj2, * ( it + n ) ) , std:: invoke ( proj1, * it ) ) ) 的求值结果均为 false ,则称该序列相对于比较器 comp 已排序 的。

1) 元素使用给定的二元比较函数 comp 进行比较。
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r1 作为第一范围, r2 作为第二范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r1 ) 作为 first1 ranges:: end ( r1 ) 作为 last1 ranges:: begin ( r2 ) 作为 first2 ,以及 ranges:: end ( r2 ) 作为 last2

如果目标范围与任一输入范围重叠(输入范围之间可以相互重叠),则行为未定义。

此合并函数是 稳定 的,这意味着对于原始两个范围中的等价元素,来自第一个范围的元素(保持其原始顺序)会先于来自第二个范围的元素(保持其原始顺序)。

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first1, last1 - 定义待合并的第一个输入有序 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
first2, last2 - 定义待合并的第二个输入有序 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
result - 输出范围的起始位置
comp - 应用于投影元素的比较器
proj1 - 应用于第一个范围元素的投影器
proj2 - 应用于第二个范围元素的投影器

返回值

{ last1, last2, result_last } ,其中 result_last 表示已构造范围的末端。

复杂度

最多进行 N − 1 次比较和每次投影的应用,其中 N = ranges:: distance ( first1, last1 ) + ranges:: distance ( first2, last12 )

注释

该算法执行与 ranges:: set_union 类似的任务。两者均接受两个已排序的输入范围,并生成包含两个输入元素的已排序输出。这两个算法的区别在于处理两个输入范围中比较等价的值时(参见关于 LessThanComparable 的说明)。若某个等价值在第一个范围中出现 n 次,在第二个范围中出现 m 次,则 ranges::merge 会输出全部 n + m 次出现,而 ranges::set_union 仅输出 max ( n, m ) 次。因此 ranges::merge 精确输出 N 个值,而 ranges::set_union 可能生成更少的输出。

可能的实现

struct merge_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             std::weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::merge_result<I1, I2, O>
        operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result, Comp comp = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        for (; !(first1 == last1 or first2 == last2); ++result)
        {
            if (std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj2, *first2), std::invoke(proj1, *first1)))
                *result = *first2, ++first2;
            else
                *result = *first1, ++first1;
        }
        auto ret1{ranges::copy(std::move(first1), std::move(last1), std::move(result))};
        auto ret2{ranges::copy(std::move(first2), std::move(last2), std::move(ret1.out))};
        return {std::move(ret1.in), std::move(ret2.in), std::move(ret2.out)};
    }
    template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2, std::weakly_incrementable O,
             class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::mergeable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                            O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::merge_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,
                                   ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
        operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result, Comp comp = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2),
                       std::move(result), std::move(comp),
                       std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
    }
};
inline constexpr merge_fn merge {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
void print(const auto& in1, const auto& in2, auto first, auto last)
{
    std::cout << "{ ";
    for (const auto& e : in1)
        std::cout << e << ' ';
    std::cout << "} +\n{ ";
    for (const auto& e : in2)
        std::cout << e << ' ';
    std::cout << "} =\n{ ";
    while (!(first == last))
        std::cout << *first++ << ' ';
    std::cout << "}\n\n";
}
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> in1, in2, out;
    in1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    in2 = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
    out.resize(in1.size() + in2.size());
    const auto ret = std::ranges::merge(in1, in2, out.begin());
    print(in1, in2, out.begin(), ret.out);
    in1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5};
    in2 = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
    out.clear();
    out.reserve(in1.size() + in2.size());
    std::ranges::merge(in1, in2, std::back_inserter(out));
    print(in1, in2, out.cbegin(), out.cend());
}

输出:

{ 1 2 3 4 5 } +
{ 3 4 5 6 7 } =
{ 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 }
{ 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 } +
{ 3 4 5 6 7 } =
{ 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 7 }

参见

原地合并两个有序范围
(算法函数对象)
检查范围是否按升序排序
(算法函数对象)
计算两个集合的并集
(算法函数对象)
将范围按升序排序
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行排序并保持相等元素间的顺序
(算法函数对象)
合并两个已排序范围
(函数模板)