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std::ranges:: move_backward, std::ranges:: move_backward_result

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
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(C++17)
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(C++11)
(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
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(on partitioned ranges)
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C library
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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: bidirectional_iterator I1, std:: sentinel_for < I1 > S1,

std:: bidirectional_iterator I2 >
requires std:: indirectly_movable < I1, I2 >
constexpr move_backward_result < I1, I2 >

move_backward ( I1 first, S1 last, I2 d_last ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
template < ranges:: bidirectional_range R, std:: bidirectional_iterator I >

requires std:: indirectly_movable < ranges:: iterator_t < R > , I >
constexpr move_backward_result < ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R > , I >

move_backward ( R && r, I d_last ) ;
(2) (C++20 起)
辅助类型
template < class I, class O >
using move_backward_result = ranges:: in_out_result < I, O > ;
(3) (C++20 起)
1) 将定义在区间 [ first , last ) 内的元素移动到另一区间 [ d_last - N , d_last ) ,其中 N = ranges:: distance ( first, last ) 。元素按逆序移动(最后元素首先被移动),但它们的相对顺序保持不变。若 d_last 位于 ( first, last ] 范围内,则行为未定义。在此情况下,可改用 ranges::move
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r 作为源范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,以及 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last

被移动范围中的元素仍将包含适当类型的有效值,但不一定与移动前的值相同,如同对每个整数 n (其中 0 ≤ n < N )执行 * ( d_last - n ) = ranges:: iter_move ( last - n ) 操作。

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待移动元素范围的 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待移动元素的范围
d_last - 目标范围的结束位置

返回值

{ last, d_last - N }

复杂度

1) 恰好 N 次移动赋值操作。
2) 精确执行 ranges:: distance ( r ) 次移动赋值操作。

注释

当移动重叠范围时,若目标范围的起始位置位于源范围之外(向左移动),适合使用 ranges::move ;而若目标范围的结束位置位于源范围之外(向右移动),则适合使用 ranges::move_backward

可能的实现

struct move_backward_fn
{
    template<std::bidirectional_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::bidirectional_iterator I2>
    requires std::indirectly_movable<I1, I2>
    constexpr ranges::move_backward_result<I1, I2>
        operator()(I1 first, S1 last, I2 d_last) const
    {
        auto i {last};
        for (; i != first; *--d_last = ranges::iter_move(--i))
        {}
        return {std::move(last), std::move(d_last)};
    }
    template<ranges::bidirectional_range R, std::bidirectional_iterator I>
    requires std::indirectly_movable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, I>
    constexpr ranges::move_backward_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, I>
        operator()(R&& r, I d_last) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(d_last));
    }
};
inline constexpr move_backward_fn move_backward {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>
using Vec = std::vector<std::string>;
void print(std::string_view rem, Vec const& vec)
{
    std::cout << rem << "[" << vec.size() << "]: ";
    for (const std::string& s : vec)
        std::cout << (s.size() ? s : std::string{"·"}) << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    Vec a{"▁", "▂", "▃", "▄", "▅", "▆", "▇", "█"};
    Vec b(a.size());
    print("Before move:\n" "a", a);
    print("b", b);
    std::ranges::move_backward(a, b.end());
    print("\n" "Move a >> b:\n" "a", a);
    print("b", b);
    std::ranges::move_backward(b.begin(), b.end(), a.end());
    print("\n" "Move b >> a:\n" "a", a);
    print("b", b);
    std::ranges::move_backward(a.begin(), a.begin()+3, a.end());
    print("\n" "Overlapping move a[0, 3) >> a[5, 8):\n" "a", a);
}

可能的输出:

Before move:
a[8]: ▁ ▂ ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █
b[8]: · · · · · · · ·
Move a >> b:
a[8]: · · · · · · · ·
b[8]: ▁ ▂ ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █
Move b >> a:
a[8]: ▁ ▂ ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █
b[8]: · · · · · · · ·
Overlapping move a[0, 3) >> a[5, 8):
a[8]: · · · ▄ ▅ ▁ ▂ ▃

参见

将元素范围移动到新位置
(算法函数对象)
将元素范围复制到新位置
(算法函数对象)
以逆序复制元素范围
(算法函数对象)
(C++11)
将元素范围移动到新位置
(函数模板)
(C++11)
将参数转换为右值引用
(函数模板)