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std::ranges:: fold_left_with_iter, std::ranges:: fold_left_with_iter_result

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(until C++17) (C++11)
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(C++17)

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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
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Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
fold_left_with_iter
(C++23)
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
(1)
template < std:: input_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S, class T,

/* indirectly-binary-left-foldable */ < T, I > F >
constexpr /* 见描述 */

fold_left_with_iter ( I first, S last, T init, F f ) ;
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template < std:: input_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class T = std:: iter_value_t < I > ,
/* indirectly-binary-left-foldable */ < T, I > F >
constexpr /* 见描述 */

fold_left_with_iter ( I first, S last, T init, F f ) ;
(C++26 起)
(2)
template < ranges:: input_range R, class T,

/* indirectly-binary-left-foldable */
< T, ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >
constexpr /* 见描述 */

fold_left_with_iter ( R && r, T init, F f ) ;
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template < ranges:: input_range R, class T = ranges:: range_value_t < R > ,

/* indirectly-binary-left-foldable */
< T, ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >
constexpr /* 见描述 */

fold_left_with_iter ( R && r, T init, F f ) ;
(C++26 起)
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /* indirectly-binary-left-foldable */ = /* 见描述 */ ;
(3) ( 仅用于说明* )
辅助类模板
template < class I, class T >
using fold_left_with_iter_result = ranges:: in_value_result < I, T > ;
(4) (C++23 起)

对给定范围的元素进行左 折叠 ,即返回链式表达式的求值结果:
f(f(f(f(init, x 1 ), x 2 ), ...), x n ) ,其中 x 1 x 2 、...、 x n 是范围的元素。

非正式地说, ranges::fold_left_with_iter 的行为类似于接受二元谓词的 std::accumulate 重载版本。

如果 [ first , last ) 不是有效范围,则行为未定义。

1) 该范围是 [ first , last )
2) (1) 相同,区别在于使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last
3) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I, class U >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ =
std:: movable < T > &&
std:: movable < U > &&
std:: convertible_to < T, U > &&
std:: invocable < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: assignable_from < U & ,

std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>> ;
(3A) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ =
std:: copy_constructible < F > &&
std:: indirectly_readable < I > &&
std:: invocable < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: convertible_to < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> ,
std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> &&
/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ < F, T, I,

std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> ;
(3B) ( 仅用于说明* )
4) 返回类型别名。详见" 返回值 "章节。

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待折叠元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待折叠的元素范围
init - 折叠操作的初始值
f - 二元函数对象

返回值

U std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>

1) 类型为 ranges :: fold_left_with_iter_result < I, U > 的对象。
  • 成员 ranges :: in_value_result :: in 持有指向范围末尾的迭代器。
  • 成员 ranges :: in_value_result :: value 持有给定范围在 f 上的左 折叠 结果。
若范围为空,则通过等价于 return { std :: move ( first ) , U ( std :: move ( init ) ) } ; 的表达式获得返回值。
2) (1) 相同,但返回类型为 ranges :: fold_left_with_iter_result < ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R > , U >

可能的实现

class fold_left_with_iter_fn
{
    template<class O, class I, class S, class T, class F>
    constexpr auto impl(I&& first, S&& last, T&& init, F f) const
    {
        using U = std::decay_t<std::invoke_result_t<F&, T, std::iter_reference_t<I>>>;
        using Ret = ranges::fold_left_with_iter_result<O, U>;
        if (first == last)
            return Ret{std::move(first), U(std::move(init))};
        U accum = std::invoke(f, std::move(init), *first);
        for (++first; first != last; ++first)
            accum = std::invoke(f, std::move(accum), *first);
        return Ret{std::move(first), std::move(accum)};
    }
public:
    template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class T = std::iter_value_t<I>,
             /* 间接可左折叠 */<T, I> F>
    constexpr auto operator()(I first, S last, T init, F f) const
    {
        return impl<I>(std::move(first), std::move(last), std::move(init), std::ref(f));
    }
    template<ranges::input_range R, class T = ranges::range_value_t<R>,
             /* 间接可左折叠 */<T, ranges::iterator_t<R>> F>
    constexpr auto operator()(R&& r, T init, F f) const
    {
        return impl<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>>
        (
            ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(init), std::ref(f)
        );
    }
};
inline constexpr fold_left_with_iter_fn fold_left_with_iter;

复杂度

恰好对函数对象 f 应用 ranges:: distance ( first, last ) 次。

注释

以下表格对比了所有约束折叠算法:

折叠函数模板 起始方向 初始值 返回类型
ranges:: fold_left 左端 init U
ranges:: fold_left_first 左端 首元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_right 右端 init U
ranges:: fold_right_last 右端 末元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges :: fold_left_with_iter 左端 init

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, U >

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, U > ,

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter 左端 首元素

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, std:: optional < U >>

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, std:: optional < U >>

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

功能测试 标准 功能特性
__cpp_lib_ranges_fold 202207L (C++23) std::ranges 折叠算法
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type 202403L (C++26) 算法的 列表初始化 ( 1,2 )

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <complex>
#include <functional>
#include <ranges>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
int main()
{
    namespace ranges = std::ranges;
    std::vector v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    auto sum = ranges::fold_left_with_iter(v.begin(), v.end(), 6, std::plus<int>());
    assert(sum.value == 42);
    assert(sum.in == v.end());
    auto mul = ranges::fold_left_with_iter(v, 0X69, std::multiplies<int>());
    assert(mul.value == 4233600);
    assert(mul.in == v.end());
    // 获取向量中所有 std::pair 的 second 成员的乘积:
    std::vector<std::pair<char, float>> data {{'A', 2.f}, {'B', 3.f}, {'C', 3.5f}};
    auto sec = ranges::fold_left_with_iter
    (
        data | ranges::views::values, 2.0f, std::multiplies<>()
    );
    assert(sec.value == 42);
    // 使用程序自定义的函数对象(lambda 表达式):
    auto lambda = [](int x, int y){ return x + 0B110 + y; };
    auto val = ranges::fold_left_with_iter(v, -42, lambda);
    assert(val.value == 42);
    assert(val.in == v.end());
    using CD = std::complex<double>;
    std::vector<CD> nums{{1, 1}, {2, 0}, {3, 0}};
    #ifdef __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type
        auto res = ranges::fold_left_with_iter(nums, {7, 0}, std::multiplies{});
    #else
        auto res = ranges::fold_left_with_iter(nums, CD{7, 0}, std::multiplies{});
    #endif
    assert((res.value == CD{42, 42}));
}

参考文献

  • C++23 标准 (ISO/IEC 14882:2024):
  • 27.6.18 折叠算法 [alg.fold]

参见

左折叠元素范围
(算法函数对象)
使用首个元素作为初始值左折叠元素范围
(算法函数对象)
右折叠元素范围
(算法函数对象)
使用末尾元素作为初始值右折叠元素范围
(算法函数对象)
使用首个元素作为初始值左折叠元素范围,并返回 pair (迭代器, optional )
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行求和或折叠
(函数模板)
(C++17)
类似于 std::accumulate ,但支持乱序执行
(函数模板)