std::ranges::lower_bound
| 定义于头文件 <algorithm>
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| 调用签名 |
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template< std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class T, class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order
<const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less >
constexpr I lower_bound( I first, S last, const T& value,
Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
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(1) | (自 C++20) (直到 C++26) |
template< std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class Proj = std::identity,
class T = std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order
<const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less >
constexpr I lower_bound( I first, S last, const T& value,
Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
|
(自 C++26) | |
template< ranges::forward_range R,
class T, class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order
<const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,
Proj>> Comp = ranges::less >
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
lower_bound( R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
|
(2) | (自 C++20) (直到 C++26) |
template< ranges::forward_range R,
class Proj = std::identity,
class T = std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>
std::indirect_strict_weak_order
<const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,
Proj>> Comp = ranges::less >
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
lower_bound( R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
|
(自 C++26) | |
[first, last) 中第一个 不小于(即大于或等于)value 的元素的迭代器,如果未找到则返回 last。
范围 [first, last) 必须相对于表达式 std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, element), value) 进行了划分,即所有该表达式为 true 的元素必须出现在所有该表达式为 false 的元素之前。完全排序的范围满足此条件。r 作为源范围,如同使用 ranges::begin(r) 作为 first 以及 ranges::end(r) 作为 last。本页描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式名称为 niebloids),即:
参数
| first, last | - | 定义待检验元素部分有序 范围 的迭代器-哨位对 |
| r | - | 待检验的部分有序范围 |
| value | - | 用于与投影元素比较的值 |
| comp | - | 应用于投影元素的比较谓词 |
| proj | - | 应用于元素的投影 |
返回值
指向首个 不小于 value 的元素的迭代器,若找不到此类元素则返回 last 。
复杂度
所执行的比较次数和投影应用次数与
first
和
last
之间的距离成对数关系(最多进行
log
2
(last - first) + O(1)
次比较和投影应用)。然而,对于未实现
random_access_iterator
的迭代器,迭代器递增次数为线性。
注释
在一个完全排序(或更一般地说,在投影后相对于
value
部分有序)的范围内,
std::ranges::lower_bound
实现了二分查找算法。因此,
std::ranges::binary_search
可以基于它来实现。
| 功能测试 宏 | 值 | 标准 | 功能特性 |
|---|---|---|---|
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type
|
202403
|
(C++26) | 列表初始化 用于算法 ( 1,2 ) |
可能的实现
struct lower_bound_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>, std::indirect_strict_weak_order <const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less> constexpr I operator()(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const { I it; std::iter_difference_t<I> count, step; count = std::ranges::distance(first, last); while (count > 0) { it = first; step = count / 2; ranges::advance(it, step, last); if (comp(std::invoke(proj, *it), value)) { first = ++it; count -= step + 1; } else count = step; } return first; } template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, std::indirect_strict_weak_order <const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less> constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> operator()(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value, std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj)); } }; inline constexpr lower_bound_fn lower_bound; |
示例
#include <algorithm> #include <cassert> #include <complex> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <vector> namespace ranges = std::ranges; template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class T, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_strict_weak_order <const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less> constexpr I binary_find(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) { first = ranges::lower_bound(first, last, value, comp, proj); return first != last && !comp(value, proj(*first)) ? first : last; } int main() { std::vector data{1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5}; // ^^^^^^^^^^ auto lower = ranges::lower_bound(data, 4); auto upper = ranges::upper_bound(data, 4); std::cout << "found a range [" << ranges::distance(data.cbegin(), lower) << ", " << ranges::distance(data.cbegin(), upper) << ") = { "; ranges::copy(lower, upper, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " ")); std::cout << "}\n"; // 经典二分查找,仅当值存在时返回 data = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}; // ^ auto it = binary_find(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), 8); // '5' 将返回 end() if (it != data.cend()) std::cout << *it << " found at index " << ranges::distance(data.cbegin(), it); using CD = std::complex<double>; std::vector<CD> nums{{1, 0}, {2, 2}, {2, 1}, {3, 0}}; auto cmpz = [](CD x, CD y) { return x.real() < y.real(); }; #ifdef __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type auto it2 = ranges::lower_bound(nums, {2, 0}, cmpz); #else auto it2 = ranges::lower_bound(nums, CD{2, 0}, cmpz); #endif assert((*it2 == CD{2, 2})); }
输出:
found a range [6, 10) = { 4 4 4 4 }
8 found at index 3
参见
(C++20) |
使用二分搜索查找与给定值匹配的元素范围 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
将元素范围分成两组 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
定位已分区范围的分区点 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
使用二分搜索查找第一个大于给定值的元素 (算法函数对象) |
| 使用二分搜索查找第一个不小于给定值的元素 (函数模板) |