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std::ranges:: fold_right_last

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
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(C++17)
Search operations
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(C++11)
(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
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Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
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Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
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C library
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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
(C++23)
fold_right_last
(C++23)
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: bidirectional_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

/*indirectly-binary-right-foldable*/ < std:: iter_value_t < I > , I > F >
requires std:: constructible_from <
std:: iter_value_t < I > , std:: iter_reference_t < I >>
constexpr auto

fold_right_last ( I first, S last, F f ) ;
(1) (C++23 起)
template < ranges:: bidirectional_range R,

/*indirectly-binary-right-foldable*/ <
ranges:: range_value_t < R > , ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >
requires std:: constructible_from <
ranges:: range_value_t < R > , ranges:: range_reference_t < R >>
constexpr auto

fold_right_last ( R && r, F f ) ;
(2) (C++23 起)
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ = /* see description */ ;
(3) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /*indirectly-binary-right-foldable*/ = /* see description */ ;
(4) ( 仅用于说明* )

对给定范围的元素进行右折叠,即返回链式表达式的求值结果:
f(x 1 , f(x 2 , ...f(x n-1 , x n ))) ,其中 x 1 x 2 、...、 x n 是范围的元素。

非正式地说, ranges::fold_right_last 的行为类似于 ranges:: fold_left ( views:: reverse ( r ) , *-- last, /*flipped*/ ( f ) ) (假设范围非空)。

如果 [ first , last ) 不是有效范围,则行为未定义。

1) 范围是 [ first , last ) 。给定 U decltype ( ranges:: fold_right ( first, last, std:: iter_value_t < I > ( * first ) , f ) ) ,等价于:
if (first == last)
    return std::optional<U>();
I tail = ranges::prev(ranges::next(first, std::move(last)));
return std::optional<U>(std::in_place, ranges::fold_right(std::move(first), tail,
    std::iter_value_t<I>(*tail), std::move(f)));
2) (1) 相同,区别在于使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last
3) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I, class U >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ =
std:: movable < T > &&
std:: movable < U > &&
std:: convertible_to < T, U > &&
std:: invocable < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: assignable_from < U & ,

std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>> ;
(3A) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ =
std:: copy_constructible < F > &&
std:: indirectly_readable < I > &&
std:: invocable < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: convertible_to < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> ,
std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> &&
/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ < F, T, I,

std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> ;
(3B) ( 仅用于说明* )
4) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-right-foldable*/ =

/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ < /*flipped*/ < F > , T, I > ;
(4A) ( 仅用于说明* )
辅助类模板
template < class F >

class /*flipped*/
{
F f ; // 仅用于说明
public :
template < class T, class U >
requires std:: invocable < F & , U, T >
std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, T > operator ( ) ( T && , U && ) ;

} ;
(4B) ( 仅用于说明* )

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待折叠元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待折叠的元素范围
f - 二元函数对象

返回值

一个类型为 std:: optional < U > 的对象,包含对给定范围进行右 折叠 操作后通过 f 得到的结果。

如果范围为空,则返回 std:: optional < U > ( )

可能的实现

struct fold_right_last_fn
{
    template<std::bidirectional_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             /*indirectly-binary-right-foldable*/<std::iter_value_t<I>, I> F>
    requires
        std::constructible_from<std::iter_value_t<I>, std::iter_reference_t<I>>
    constexpr auto operator()(I first, S last, F f) const
    {
        using U = decltype(
            ranges::fold_right(first, last, std::iter_value_t<I>(*first), f));
        if (first == last)
            return std::optional<U>();
        I tail = ranges::prev(ranges::next(first, std::move(last)));
        return std::optional<U>(std::in_place,
            ranges::fold_right(std::move(first), tail, std::iter_value_t<I>(*tail),
                               std::move(f)));
    }
    template<ranges::bidirectional_range R,
             /*indirectly_binary_right_foldable*/<
                 ranges::range_value_t<R>, ranges::iterator_t<R>> F>
    requires
        std::constructible_from<ranges::range_value_t<R>, ranges::range_reference_t<R>>
    constexpr auto operator()(R&& r, F f) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(f));
    }
};
inline constexpr fold_right_last_fn fold_right_last;

复杂度

恰好应用函数对象 f ranges:: distance ( first, last ) 次。

注释

以下表格对比了所有约束折叠算法:

折叠函数模板 起始方向 初始值 返回类型
ranges:: fold_left 左端 init U
ranges:: fold_left_first 左端 首元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_right 右端 init U
ranges :: fold_right_last 右端 末元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_left_with_iter 左端 init

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, U >

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, U > ,

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter 左端 首元素

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, std:: optional < U >>

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, std:: optional < U >>

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

功能测试 标准 功能
__cpp_lib_ranges_fold 202207L (C++23) std::ranges 折叠算法

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
int main()
{
    auto v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    std::vector<std::string> vs {"A", "B", "C", "D"};
    auto r1 = std::ranges::fold_right_last(v.begin(), v.end(), std::plus<>()); // (1)
    std::cout << "*r1: " << *r1 << '\n';
    auto r2 = std::ranges::fold_right_last(vs, std::plus<>()); // (2)
    std::cout << "*r2: " << *r2 << '\n';
    // 使用程序定义的函数对象(lambda表达式):
    auto r3 = std::ranges::fold_right_last(v, [](int x, int y) { return x + y + 99; });
    std::cout << "*r3: " << *r3 << '\n';
    // 获取向量中所有pair的second成员的乘积:
    std::vector<std::pair<char, float>> data {{'A', 3.f}, {'B', 3.5f}, {'C', 4.f}};
    auto r4 = std::ranges::fold_right_last
    (
        data | std::ranges::views::values, std::multiplies<>()
    );
    std::cout << "*r4: " << *r4 << '\n';
}

输出:

*r1: 36
*r2: ABCD
*r3: 729
*r4: 42

参考文献

  • C++23 标准 (ISO/IEC 14882:2024):
  • 27.6.18 折叠算法 [alg.fold]

参见

对元素范围进行右折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
使用首个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器,值)
(算法函数对象)
使用首个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器, optional
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行求和或折叠
(函数模板)
(C++17)
类似于 std::accumulate ,但无序执行
(函数模板)