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std::ranges:: fold_right

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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
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Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
(1)
template < std:: bidirectional_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S, class T,

/* indirectly-binary-right-foldable */ < T, I > F >

constexpr auto fold_right ( I first, S last, T init, F f ) ;
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template < std:: bidirectional_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

class T = std:: iter_value_t < I > ,
/* indirectly-binary-right-foldable */ < T, I > F >

constexpr auto fold_right ( I first, S last, T init, F f ) ;
(C++26 起)
(2)
template < ranges:: bidirectional_range R, class T,

/* indirectly-binary-right-foldable */
< T, ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >

constexpr auto fold_right ( R && r, T init, F f ) ;
(C++23 起)
(C++26 前)
template < ranges:: bidirectional_range R, class T = ranges:: range_value_t < R > ,

/* indirectly-binary-right-foldable */
< T, ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >

constexpr auto fold_right ( R && r, T init, F f ) ;
(C++26 起)
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /* indirectly-binary-left-foldable */ = /* see description */ ;
(3) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /* indirectly-binary-right-foldable */ = /* see description */ ;
(4) ( 仅用于说明* )

对给定范围的元素进行 右折叠 操作,即返回链式表达式的求值结果:
f(x 1 , f(x 2 , ...f(x n , init))) ,其中 x 1 x 2 、...、 x n 是范围的元素。

非正式地说, ranges::fold_right 的行为类似于 ranges:: fold_left ( views:: reverse ( r ) , init, /*flipped*/ ( f ) )

如果 [ first , last ) 不是有效范围,则行为未定义。

1) 该范围是 [ first , last )
2) (1) 相同,区别在于使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last
3) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I, class U >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ =
std:: movable < T > &&
std:: movable < U > &&
std:: convertible_to < T, U > &&
std:: invocable < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: assignable_from < U & ,

std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>> ;
(3A) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ =
std:: copy_constructible < F > &&
std:: indirectly_readable < I > &&
std:: invocable < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: convertible_to < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> ,
std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> &&
/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ < F, T, I,

std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> ;
(3B) ( 仅用于说明* )
4) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-right-foldable*/ =

/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ < /*flipped*/ < F > , T, I > ;
(4A) ( 仅用于说明* )
辅助类模板
template < class F >

class /*flipped*/
{
F f ; // 仅用于说明
public :
template < class T, class U >
requires std:: invocable < F & , U, T >
std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, T > operator ( ) ( T && , U && ) ;

} ;
(4B) ( 仅用于说明* )

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待折叠元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待折叠的元素范围
init - 折叠操作的初始值
f - 二元函数对象

返回值

一个类型为 U 的对象,包含对给定范围进行右 折叠 操作的结果,其中 U 等价于 std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , std:: iter_reference_t < I > , T >> ;

如果范围为空,则返回 U ( std :: move ( init ) )

可能的实现

struct fold_right_fn
{
    template<std::bidirectional_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class T = std::iter_value_t<I>,
             /* 间接可右折叠 */<T, I> F>
    constexpr auto operator()(I first, S last, T init, F f) const
    {
        using U = std::decay_t<std::invoke_result_t<F&, std::iter_reference_t<I>, T>>;
        if (first == last)
            return U(std::move(init));
        I tail = ranges::next(first, last);
        U accum = std::invoke(f, *--tail, std::move(init));
        while (first != tail)
            accum = std::invoke(f, *--tail, std::move(accum));
        return accum;
    }
    template<ranges::bidirectional_range R, class T = ranges::range_value_t<R>,
             /* 间接可右折叠 */<T, ranges::iterator_t<R>> F>
    constexpr auto operator()(R&& r, T init, F f) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(init), std::ref(f));
    }
};
inline constexpr fold_right_fn fold_right;

复杂度

恰好对函数对象 f 应用 ranges:: distance ( first, last ) 次。

注释

以下表格对比了所有约束折叠算法:

折叠函数模板 起始方向 初始值 返回类型
ranges:: fold_left 左端 init U
ranges:: fold_left_first 左端 首元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges :: fold_right 右端 init U
ranges:: fold_right_last 右端 末元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_left_with_iter 左端 init

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, U >

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, U > ,

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter 左端 首元素

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, std:: optional < U >>

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, std:: optional < U >>

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

功能测试 标准 功能
__cpp_lib_ranges_fold 202207L (C++23) std::ranges 折叠算法
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type 202403L (C++26) 算法的 列表初始化 ( 1,2 )

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <complex>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std::literals;
namespace ranges = std::ranges;
int main()
{
    auto v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    std::vector<std::string> vs{"A", "B", "C", "D"};
    auto r1 = ranges::fold_right(v.begin(), v.end(), 6, std::plus<>()); // (1)
    std::cout << "r1: " << r1 << '\n';
    auto r2 = ranges::fold_right(vs, "!"s, std::plus<>()); // (2)
    std::cout << "r2: " << r2 << '\n';
    // 使用程序定义的函数对象(lambda表达式):
    std::string r3 = ranges::fold_right
    (
        v, "A", [](int x, std::string s) { return s + ':' + std::to_string(x); }
    );
    std::cout << "r3: " << r3 << '\n';
    // 获取向量中所有pair的second成员的乘积:
    std::vector<std::pair<char, float>> data{{'A', 2.f}, {'B', 3.f}, {'C', 3.5f}};
    float r4 = ranges::fold_right
    (
        data | ranges::views::values, 2.0f, std::multiplies<>()
    );
    std::cout << "r4: " << r4 << '\n';
    using CD = std::complex<double>;
    std::vector<CD> nums{{1, 1}, {2, 0}, {3, 0}};
    #ifdef __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type
        auto r5 = ranges::fold_right(nums, {7, 0}, std::multiplies{});
    #else
        auto r5 = ranges::fold_right(nums, CD{7, 0}, std::multiplies{});
    #endif
    std::cout << "r5: " << r5 << '\n';
}

输出:

r1: 42
r2: ABCD!
r3: A:8:7:6:5:4:3:2:1
r4: 42
r5: (42,42)

参考文献

  • C++23 标准 (ISO/IEC 14882:2024):
  • 27.6.18 折叠算法 [alg.fold]

参见

使用最后一个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行右折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
使用第一个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器, 值)
(算法函数对象)
使用第一个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器, optional )
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行求和或折叠
(函数模板)
(C++17)
类似于 std::accumulate ,但无序执行
(函数模板)