Namespaces
Variants

std::ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter, std::ranges:: fold_left_first_with_iter_result

From cppreference.net
Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
Batch operations
(C++17)
Search operations
Modifying sequence operations
Copy operations
(C++11)
(C++11)
Swap operations
Transformation operations
Generation operations
Removing operations
Order-changing operations
(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Lexicographical comparison operations
Permutation operations
C library
Numeric operations
Operations on uninitialized memory
Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
fold_left_first_with_iter
(C++23)
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: input_iterator I, std:: sentinel_for < I > S,

/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ < std:: iter_value_t < I > , I > F >
requires std:: constructible_from <
std:: iter_value_t < I > , std:: iter_reference_t < I >>
constexpr /* 见说明 */

fold_left_first_with_iter ( I first, S last, F f ) ;
(1) (C++23 起)
template < ranges:: input_range R,

/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ <
ranges:: range_value_t < R > , ranges:: iterator_t < R >> F >
requires std:: constructible_from <
ranges:: range_value_t < R > , ranges:: range_reference_t < R >>
constexpr /* 见说明 */

fold_left_first_with_iter ( R && r, F f ) ;
(2) (C++23 起)
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I >
concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ = /* 见说明 */ ;
(3) ( 仅用于说明* )
辅助类模板
template < class I, class T >
using fold_left_first_with_iter_result = ranges:: in_value_result < I, T > ;
(4) (C++23 起)

对给定范围的元素进行左 折叠 ,即返回链式表达式的求值结果:
f(f(f(f(x 1 , x 2 ), x 3 ), ...), x n ) ,其中 x 1 x 2 、...、 x n 是范围的元素。

非正式地说, ranges::fold_left_first_with_iter 的行为类似于接受二元谓词的 std::accumulate 重载版本,区别在于其内部使用 * first 作为初始元素。

如果 [ first , last ) 不是有效范围,则行为未定义。

1) 该范围是 [ first , last )
2) (1) 相同,区别在于使用 r 作为范围,如同以 ranges:: begin ( r ) 作为 first ,并以 ranges:: end ( r ) 作为 last
3) 等价于:
辅助概念
template < class F, class T, class I, class U >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ =
std:: movable < T > &&
std:: movable < U > &&
std:: convertible_to < T, U > &&
std:: invocable < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: assignable_from < U & ,

std:: invoke_result_t < F & , U, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>> ;
(3A) ( 仅用于说明* )
template < class F, class T, class I >

concept /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/ =
std:: copy_constructible < F > &&
std:: indirectly_readable < I > &&
std:: invocable < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> &&
std:: convertible_to < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >> ,
std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> &&
/*indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl*/ < F, T, I,

std:: decay_t < std:: invoke_result_t < F & , T, std:: iter_reference_t < I >>>> ;
(3B) ( 仅用于说明* )
4) 返回类型别名。详见" 返回值 "章节。

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first, last - 定义待折叠元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r - 待折叠的元素范围
f - 二元函数对象

返回值

U decltype ( ranges:: fold_left ( std :: move ( first ) , last, std:: iter_value_t < I > ( * first ) , f ) )

1) 类型为 ranges :: fold_left_first_with_iter_result < I, std:: optional < U >> 的对象。
  • 成员 ranges :: in_value_result :: in 持有指向范围末尾的迭代器。
  • 成员 ranges :: in_value_result :: value 持有给定范围在 f 上的 左折叠 结果。
若范围为空,则返回值为 { std :: move ( first ) , std:: optional < U > ( ) }
2) (1) 相同,但返回类型为 ranges :: fold_left_first_with_iter_result < ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R > , std:: optional < U >>

可能的实现

class fold_left_first_with_iter_fn
{
    template<class O, class I, class S, class F>
    constexpr auto impl(I&& first, S&& last, F f) const
    {
        using U = decltype(
            ranges::fold_left(std::move(first), last, std::iter_value_t<I>(*first), f)
        );
        using Ret = ranges::fold_left_first_with_iter_result<O, std::optional<U>>;
        if (first == last)
            return Ret{std::move(first), std::optional<U>()};
        std::optional<U> init(std::in_place, *first);
        for (++first; first != last; ++first)
            *init = std::invoke(f, std::move(*init), *first);
        return Ret{std::move(first), std::move(init)};
    }
public:
    template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/<std::iter_value_t<I>, I> F>
    requires std::constructible_from<std::iter_value_t<I>, std::iter_reference_t<I>>
    constexpr auto operator()(I first, S last, F f) const
    {
        return impl<I>(std::move(first), std::move(last), std::ref(f));
    }
    template<ranges::input_range R, /*indirectly-binary-left-foldable*/<
        ranges::range_value_t<R>, ranges::iterator_t<R>> F>
    requires
        std::constructible_from<ranges::range_value_t<R>, ranges::range_reference_t<R>>
    constexpr auto operator()(R&& r, F f) const
    {
        return impl<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>>(
            ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(f)
        );
    }
};
inline constexpr fold_left_first_with_iter_fn fold_left_first_with_iter;

复杂度

恰好 ranges:: distance ( first, last ) - 1 次(假设范围非空)函数对象 f 的应用。

注释

以下表格对比了所有约束折叠算法:

折叠函数模板 起始方向 初始值 返回类型
ranges:: fold_left 左端 init U
ranges:: fold_left_first 左端 首元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_right 右端 init U
ranges:: fold_right_last 右端 末元素 std:: optional < U >
ranges:: fold_left_with_iter 左端 init

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, U >

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, U > ,

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

ranges :: fold_left_first_with_iter 左端 首元素

(1) ranges:: in_value_result < I, std:: optional < U >>

(2) ranges:: in_value_result < BR, std:: optional < U >>

其中 BR ranges:: borrowed_iterator_t < R >

功能测试 标准 功能
__cpp_lib_ranges_fold 202207L (C++23) std::ranges 折叠算法

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
int main()
{
    std::vector v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    auto sum = std::ranges::fold_left_first_with_iter
    (
        v.begin(), v.end(), std::plus<int>()
    );
    std::cout << "sum: " << sum.value.value() << '\n';
    assert(sum.in == v.end());
    auto mul = std::ranges::fold_left_first_with_iter(v, std::multiplies<int>());
    std::cout << "mul: " << mul.value.value() << '\n';
    assert(mul.in == v.end());
    // 获取向量中所有 std::pair::second 的乘积:
    std::vector<std::pair<char, float>> data {{'A', 2.f}, {'B', 3.f}, {'C', 7.f}};
    auto sec = std::ranges::fold_left_first_with_iter
    (
        data | std::ranges::views::values, std::multiplies<>()
    );
    std::cout << "sec: " << sec.value.value() << '\n';
    // 使用程序定义的函数对象(lambda 表达式):
    auto lambda = [](int x, int y) { return x + y + 2; };
    auto val = std::ranges::fold_left_first_with_iter(v, lambda);
    std::cout << "val: " << val.value.value() << '\n';
    assert(val.in == v.end());
}

输出:

sum: 36
mul: 40320
sec: 42
val: 50

参考文献

  • C++23 标准 (ISO/IEC 14882:2024):
  • 27.6.18 折叠算法 [alg.fold]

参见

对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
使用首个元素作为初始值对元素范围进行左折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行右折叠
(算法函数对象)
使用末尾元素作为初始值对元素范围进行右折叠
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行左折叠,并返回 pair (迭代器,值)
(算法函数对象)
对元素范围进行求和或折叠
(函数模板)
(C++17)
类似于 std::accumulate ,但无序执行
(函数模板)