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std::ranges:: is_permutation

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Algorithm library
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(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
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(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
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(on partitioned ranges)
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C library
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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: forward_iterator I1, std:: sentinel_for < I1 > S1,

std:: forward_iterator I2, std:: sentinel_for < I2 > S2,
class Proj1 = std:: identity , class Proj2 = std:: identity ,
std:: indirect_equivalence_relation < std :: projected < I1, Proj1 > ,
std :: projected < I2, Proj2 >>
Pred = ranges:: equal_to >
constexpr bool
is_permutation ( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
template < ranges:: forward_range R1, ranges:: forward_range R2,

class Proj1 = std:: identity , class Proj2 = std:: identity ,
std:: indirect_equivalence_relation <
std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R1 > , Proj1 > ,
std :: projected < ranges:: iterator_t < R2 > , Proj2 >>
Pred = ranges:: equal_to >
constexpr bool
is_permutation ( R1 && r1, R2 && r2, Pred pred = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(2) (C++20 起)
1) 若存在范围 [ first1 , last1 ) 中元素的某种 排列 ,使得该范围与范围 [ first2 , last2 ) 在应用对应投影 Proj1 Proj2 并使用二元谓词 Pred 作为比较器后 相等 ,则返回 true 。否则返回 false
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r1 作为第一源范围, r2 作为第二源范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r1 ) 作为 first1 ranges:: end ( r1 ) 作为 last1 ranges:: begin ( r2 ) 作为 first2 ,以及 ranges:: end ( r2 ) 作为 last2

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first1, last1 - 定义第一个元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
first2, last2 - 定义第二个元素 范围 的迭代器-哨位对
r1 - 元素的第一个 range
r2 - 元素的第二个 range
pred - 应用于投影元素的谓词
proj1 - 应用于第一个范围元素的投影
proj2 - 应用于第二个范围元素的投影

返回值

当范围 [ first1 , last1 ) 是范围 [ first2 , last2 ) 的一个排列时返回 true

复杂度

最多进行 O(N 2 ) 次谓词和投影操作,若序列已相等则精确进行 N 次操作,其中 N ranges:: distance ( first1, last1 ) 。 但若 ranges:: distance ( first1, last1 ) ! = ranges:: distance ( first2, last2 ) ,则不执行任何谓词和投影操作。

注释

permutation 关系是一种 等价关系

ranges::is_permutation 可用于测试场景,例如检验重排算法(如排序、洗牌、分区)的正确性。若 p 是原始序列而 q 是“变异”序列,则 ranges :: is_permutation ( p, q ) == true 表示 q 由与 p “相同”的元素(可能经过排列)构成。

可能的实现

struct is_permutation_fn
{
    template<std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
             std::indirect_equivalence_relation<std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
                                                std::projected<I2, Proj2>>
                                                    Pred = ranges::equal_to>
    constexpr bool operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                              Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        // 跳过公共前缀
        auto ret = std::ranges::mismatch(first1, last1, first2, last2,
                                         std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj1), std::ref(proj2));
        first1 = ret.in1, first2 = ret.in2;
        // 遍历剩余部分,统计每个元素
        // 在 [first1, last1) 中出现的次数与在 [first2, last2) 中出现的次数
        for (auto i {first1}; i != last1; ++i)
        {
            const auto i_proj {std::invoke(proj1, *i)};
            auto i_cmp = [&]<typename T>(T&& t)
            { 
                return std::invoke(pred, i_proj, std::forward<T>(t));
            };
            if (i != ranges::find_if(first1, i, i_cmp, proj1))
                continue; // 此 *i 已被检查
            if (const auto m {ranges::count_if(first2, last2, i_cmp, proj2)};
                m == 0 or m != ranges::count_if(i, last1, i_cmp, proj1))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
             std::indirect_equivalence_relation<
                 std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                 std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>
                     Pred = ranges::equal_to>
    constexpr bool operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                              Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2),
                       std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
    }
};
inline constexpr is_permutation_fn is_permutation {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
auto& operator<<(auto& os, std::ranges::forward_range auto const& v)
{
    os << "{ ";
    for (const auto& e : v)
        os << e << ' ';
    return os << "}";
}
int main()
{
    static constexpr auto r1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    static constexpr auto r2 = {3, 5, 4, 1, 2};
    static constexpr auto r3 = {3, 5, 4, 1, 1};
    static_assert(
        std::ranges::is_permutation(r1, r1) &&
        std::ranges::is_permutation(r1, r2) &&
        std::ranges::is_permutation(r2, r1) &&
        std::ranges::is_permutation(r1.begin(), r1.end(), r2.begin(), r2.end()));
    std::cout
        << std::boolalpha
        << "is_permutation(" << r1 << ", " << r2 << "): "
        << std::ranges::is_permutation(r1, r2) << '\n'
        << "is_permutation(" << r1 << ", " << r3 << "): "
        << std::ranges::is_permutation(r1, r3) << '\n'
        << "is_permutation with custom predicate and projections: "
        << std::ranges::is_permutation(
            std::array {-14, -11, -13, -15, -12},  // 第一范围
            std::array {'F', 'E', 'C', 'B', 'D'},  // 第二范围
            [](int x, int y) { return abs(x) == abs(y); }, // 谓词
            [](int x) { return x + 10; },          // 第一范围的投影
            [](char y) { return int(y - 'A'); })   // 第二范围的投影
        << '\n';
}

输出:

is_permutation({ 1 2 3 4 5 }, { 3 5 4 1 2 }): true
is_permutation({ 1 2 3 4 5 }, { 3 5 4 1 1 }): false
is_permutation with custom predicate and projections: true

参见

生成元素范围的下一个更大字典序排列
(算法函数对象)
生成元素范围的下一个更小字典序排列
(算法函数对象)
判断一个序列是否是另一个序列的排列
(函数模板)
生成元素范围的下一个更大字典序排列
(函数模板)
生成元素范围的下一个更小字典序排列
(函数模板)
指定 relation 施加等价关系
(概念)