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std::ranges:: find_end

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy , ranges::sort , ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
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(C++17)
Search operations
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(C++11)
(C++11)
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(until C++17) (C++11)
(C++20) (C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
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Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
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Lexicographical comparison operations
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C library
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Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < std:: forward_iterator I1, std:: sentinel_for < I1 > S1,

std:: forward_iterator I2, std:: sentinel_for < I2 > S2,
class Pred = ranges:: equal_to ,
class Proj1 = std:: identity ,
class Proj2 = std:: identity >
requires std:: indirectly_comparable < I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2 >
constexpr ranges:: subrange < I1 >
find_end ( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,

Pred pred = { } , Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(1) (C++20 起)
template < ranges:: forward_range R1, ranges:: forward_range R2,

class Pred = ranges:: equal_to ,
class Proj1 = std:: identity ,
class Proj2 = std:: identity >
requires std:: indirectly_comparable < ranges:: iterator_t < R1 > ,
ranges:: iterator_t < R2 > ,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2 >
constexpr ranges:: borrowed_subrange_t < R1 >
find_end ( R1 && r1, R2 && r2, Pred pred = { } ,

Proj1 proj1 = { } , Proj2 proj2 = { } ) ;
(2) (C++20 起)
1) 在范围 [ first1 , last1 ) 中搜索序列 [ first2 , last2 ) 最后 一次出现,搜索时分别使用投影函数 proj1 proj2 对元素进行投影处理。投影后的元素通过二元谓词 pred 进行比较。
2) (1) 相同,但使用 r1 作为第一源范围, r2 作为第二源范围,如同使用 ranges:: begin ( r1 ) 作为 first1 ranges:: end ( r1 ) 作为 last1 ranges:: begin ( r2 ) 作为 first2 ,以及 ranges:: end ( r2 ) 作为 last2

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

first1, last1 - 定义待检查元素范围的迭代器-哨位对(称为 haystack
first2, last2 - 定义待查找元素范围的迭代器-哨位对(称为 needle
r1 - 待检查的元素范围(称为 haystack
r2 - 待查找的元素范围(称为 needle
pred - 用于比较元素的二元谓词
proj1 - 应用于第一个范围元素的投影
proj2 - 应用于第二个范围元素的投影

返回值

1) ranges:: subrange < I1 > { } 通过表达式 { i, i + ( i == last1 ? 0 : ranges:: distance ( first2, last2 ) ) } 进行值初始化,表示范围 [ first1 , last1 ) 中序列 [ first2 , last2 ) 的最后一次出现(在应用投影 proj1 proj2 之后)。如果 [ first2 , last2 ) 为空或未找到该序列,则返回值实际上通过 { last1, last1 } 进行初始化。
2) (1) 相同,但返回类型为 ranges:: borrowed_subrange_t < R1 >

复杂度

最多进行 S·(N-S+1) 次对应谓词及各投影的调用,其中 S ranges:: distance ( first2, last2 ) N ranges:: distance ( first1, last1 ) (对应版本 (1) ),或 S ranges:: distance ( r2 ) N ranges:: distance ( r1 ) (对应版本 (2) )。

注释

如果输入迭代器实现了 std:: bidirectional_iterator ,实现可以通过从末尾向开头搜索来提高查找效率。实现 std:: random_access_iterator 可能会提升比较速度。但所有这些都不会改变最坏情况下的理论复杂度。

可能的实现

struct find_end_fn
{
    template<std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::subrange<I1>
        operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1,
                   I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        if (first2 == last2)
        {
            auto last_it = ranges::next(first1, last1);
            return {last_it, last_it};
        }
        auto result = ranges::search(
            std::move(first1), last1, first2, last2, pred, proj1, proj2);
        if (result.empty())
            return result;
        for (;;)
        {
            auto new_result = ranges::search(
                std::next(result.begin()), last1, first2, last2, pred, proj1, proj2);
            if (new_result.empty())
                return result;
            else
                result = std::move(new_result);
        }
    }
    template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity,
             class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
                                        ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                                        Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1>
        operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2),
                       std::move(pred),
                       std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
    }
};
inline constexpr find_end_fn find_end {};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <string_view>
void print(const auto haystack, const auto needle)
{
    const auto pos = std::distance(haystack.begin(), needle.begin());
    std::cout << "在 \"";
    for (const auto c : haystack)
        std::cout << c;
    std::cout << "\" 中找到 \"";
    for (const auto c : needle)
        std::cout << c;
    std::cout << "\" 位于位置 [" << pos << ".." << pos + needle.size() << ")\n"
        << std::string(4 + pos, ' ') << std::string(needle.size(), '^') << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    using namespace std::literals;
    constexpr auto secret{"password password word..."sv};
    constexpr auto wanted{"password"sv};
    constexpr auto found1 = std::ranges::find_end(
        secret.cbegin(), secret.cend(), wanted.cbegin(), wanted.cend());
    print(secret, found1);
    constexpr auto found2 = std::ranges::find_end(secret, "word"sv);
    print(secret, found2);
    const auto found3 = std::ranges::find_end(secret, "ORD"sv,
        [](const char x, const char y) { // 使用二元谓词
            return std::tolower(x) == std::tolower(y);
        });
    print(secret, found3);
    const auto found4 = std::ranges::find_end(secret, "SWORD"sv, {}, {},
        [](char c) { return std::tolower(c); }); // 投影第二个范围
    print(secret, found4);
    static_assert(std::ranges::find_end(secret, "PASS"sv).empty()); // => 未找到
}

输出:

在 "password password word..." 中找到 "password" 位于位置 [9..17)
             ^^^^^^^^
在 "password password word..." 中找到 "word" 位于位置 [18..22)
                      ^^^^
在 "password password word..." 中找到 "ord" 位于位置 [19..22)
                       ^^^
在 "password password word..." 中找到 "sword" 位于位置 [12..17)
                ^^^^^

参见

查找满足特定条件的最后一个元素
(算法函数对象)
查找满足特定条件的第一个元素
(算法函数对象)
搜索一组元素中的任意一个
(算法函数对象)
查找首个相邻的相等元素(或满足给定谓词的元素对)
(算法函数对象)
搜索元素范围的首次出现
(算法函数对象)
在范围内搜索元素的连续n次副本的首次出现
(算法函数对象)
在特定范围内查找元素的最后序列
(函数模板)