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std::ranges:: clamp

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(C++17)

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All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
Permutation operations
Fold operations
Operations on uninitialized storage
Return types
定义于头文件 <algorithm>
调用签名
template < class T, class Proj = std:: identity ,

std:: indirect_strict_weak_order < std :: projected < const T * , Proj >> Comp =
ranges:: less >
constexpr const T &

clamp ( const T & v, const T & lo, const T & hi, Comp comp = { } , Proj proj = { } ) ;
(C++20 起)

std:: invoke ( proj, v ) 的值位于 [ std:: invoke ( proj, lo ) , std:: invoke ( proj, hi ) ] 区间内,则返回 v ;否则返回最近的边界值。

std:: invoke ( proj, lo ) 大于 std:: invoke ( proj, hi ) 时,行为是未定义的。

本页面描述的函数式实体是 算法函数对象 (非正式称为 niebloids ),即:

目录

参数

v - 待钳制的值
lo, hi - v 钳制到的边界范围
comp - 应用于投影元素的比较操作
proj - 应用于 v lo hi 的投影操作

返回值

v 的投影值小于 lo 的投影值,则引用 lo ;若 hi 的投影值小于 v 的投影值,则引用 hi ;否则引用 v

复杂度

最多进行两次比较和三次投影应用。

可能的实现

struct clamp_fn
{
    template<class T, class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order<std::projected<const T*, Proj>>
                 Comp = std::ranges::less>
    constexpr const T& operator()(const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi,
                                  Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        auto&& pv = std::invoke(proj, v);
        if (std::invoke(comp, std::forward<decltype(pv)>(pv), std::invoke(proj, lo)))
            return lo;
        if (std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, hi), std::forward<decltype(pv)>(pv)))
            return hi;
        return v;
    }
};
inline constexpr clamp_fn clamp;

注释

Capturing the result of std::ranges::clamp by reference produces a dangling reference if one of the parameters is a temporary and that parameter is returned:
int n = -1;
const int& r = std::ranges::clamp(n, 0, 255); // r 成为悬空引用

如果 v 与任一边界比较等价,则返回对 v 的引用,而非边界。

当投影函数返回按值传递且比较器按值接收参数时,除非从投影结果类型移动至比较器参数类型等同于复制操作,否则不应使用此函数。若通过 std::invoke 进行比较会改变投影结果,则由于 std::regular_invocable的语义要求 (已被 std::indirect_strict_weak_order 包含),该行为是未定义的。

标准要求投影结果的 值类别 必须被保留,且 proj 只能对 v 调用一次,这意味着对于比较器的两次调用,作为纯右值的投影结果必须被缓存并执行两次移动操作。

  • libstdc++ 不符合此规范,始终将投影结果作为左值传递。
  • libc++ 曾两次运行投影,该问题已在 Clang 18 中修正。
  • MSVC STL 曾两次运行投影,该问题已在 VS 2022 17.2 中修正。

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std::literals;
namespace ranges = std::ranges;
int main()
{
    std::cout << "[raw] [" << INT8_MIN << ',' << INT8_MAX << "] "
                 "[0" << ',' << UINT8_MAX << "]\n";
    for (int const v : {-129, -128, -1, 0, 42, 127, 128, 255, 256})
        std::cout << std::setw(4) << v
                  << std::setw(11) << ranges::clamp(v, INT8_MIN, INT8_MAX)
                  << std::setw(8) << ranges::clamp(v, 0, UINT8_MAX) << '\n';
    std::cout << std::string(23, '-') << '\n';
    // 投影函数
    const auto stoi = [](std::string s) { return std::stoi(s); };
    // 同上,但使用字符串
    for (std::string const v : {"-129", "-128", "-1", "0", "42",
                                "127", "128", "255", "256"})
        std::cout << std::setw(4) << v
                  << std::setw(11) << ranges::clamp(v, "-128"s, "127"s, {}, stoi)
                  << std::setw(8) << ranges::clamp(v, "0"s, "255"s, {}, stoi)
                  << '\n';
}

输出:

[raw] [-128,127] [0,255]
-129       -128       0
-128       -128       0
  -1         -1       0
   0          0       0
  42         42      42
 127        127     127
 128        127     128
 255        127     255
 256        127     255
-----------------------
-129       -128       0
-128       -128       0
  -1         -1       0
   0          0       0
  42         42      42
 127        127     127
 128        127     128
 255        127     255
 256        127     255

参见

返回给定值中的较小者
(算法函数对象)
返回给定值中的较大者
(算法函数对象)
(C++20)
检查整数值是否在给定整数类型的范围内
(函数模板)
(C++17)
将值限制在一对边界值之间
(函数模板)